Lever
Lifestyle
- Regular physical exercise
- Weight management
- Adequate sleep
Blutwerte · Marker
Adiponektin
Adiponectin · APN · GBP-28
Adipokine & Metabolische HormoneNüchtern erforderlich
- Einheit:
- μg/mL
- Abbreviation
- APN
Adiponectin test quantifies the concentration of adiponectin, an adipokine involved in glucose regulation and fatty acid oxidation.
Reference Ranges
Reference
4–30μg/mL
4
6
20
30
LowNormalHigh
Reference
Optimal
Unit · μg/mLLevels can vary based on sex, with women typically having higher levels than men. Fasting is recommended for accurate assessment.
Overview
Übersicht
Adiponectin, also known as APN or GBP-28, is an adipokine primarily secreted by white adipose tissue. It plays a crucial role in regulating glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown. Adiponectin is involved in various metabolic processes, including enhancing insulin sensitivity and exerting anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, and vasoprotective effects. Clinically, adiponectin levels are inversely correlated with obesity and are often lower in individuals with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Elevated adiponectin levels have been associated with reduced risk of coronary artery disease and other atherosclerotic conditions. In the context of athletic performance and biohacking, adiponectin is of interest due to its potential role in improving metabolic efficiency and reducing inflammation, which may contribute to enhanced recovery and longevity. However, the relationship between adiponectin levels and bone health is complex, as higher levels have been linked to lower bone mineral density, suggesting a potential trade-off between metabolic and skeletal health. Researchers observed that factors such as sleep deprivation, diet, and exercise can influence adiponectin levels, highlighting the importance of considering these variables when interpreting test results. Additionally, sex-specific differences and the impact of genetic polymorphisms may confound the interpretation of adiponectin levels, necessitating a comprehensive approach to its assessment.
Klinische Bedeutung
Elevated adiponectin levels are generally associated with improved insulin sensitivity and reduced cardiovascular risk. Conversely, reduced levels may indicate increased risk for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
Dynamics
Trend Interpretation
Rising Values
Progressively rising adiponectin levels suggest improved metabolic health and reduced cardiovascular risk. Re-test in 6 months to confirm trend.
Falling Values
Progressively falling levels may indicate worsening insulin sensitivity or increased cardiovascular risk.
Re-test Interval
4 weeks if outside optimal range
Etiology
Causes — High & Low
Cause
Elevated Levels
- Weight loss
- Physical activity
- Caloric restriction
- Certain medications (e.g., thiazolidinediones)
Cause
Low Levels
- Obesity
- Type 2 diabetes
- Metabolic syndrome
- Inflammatory conditions
Protocol
How to Optimize
Lever
Nutrition
- High-fiber diet
- Omega-3 fatty acids
- Low glycemic index foods
Lever
Supplementation
- Fish oil
- Vitamin D
Note:
Consult a healthcare provider before making significant lifestyle or dietary changes.
Testing Guidelines
🍽️Fasting Required
✓Not Time-Sensitive
Levels may vary throughout the day; consistent timing for testing is recommended.
Testing Frequency
Annually for individuals with metabolic risk factors.
Interfering Factors
- Recent intense exercise
- Acute stress
- Smoking
Related Markers
Related Peptides & Hormones
Leptin
hormone or peptideCorrelated with
Open Research Questions
Current research suggests that the relationship between adiponectin levels and various cardiometabolic diseases remains debated, particularly regarding reference ranges and the impact of confounders such as obesity and inflammation. Emerging research directions include the exploration of adiponectin's role in cancer prevention and its potential as a biomarker for COVID-19 severity. However, clinical questions remain unanswered regarding the optimal therapeutic targets for adiponectin modulation and its mechanisms in different disease contexts.
17 Research Publications
1,573
Total Citations
3
Human/RCT
6.1
Avg. Influence
2025
Latest
Sort
Filter
01Top
#01
Adiponectin: mechanistic insights and clinical implications.
Turer A T & Scherer P E · Diabetologia · 2012
ReviewInfluence33.0
596
This review summarized the diverse functions of adiponectin and its role as a biomarker. Researchers found that adiponectin is linked to insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular health. The study emphasizes its importance in clinical research and potential therapeutic applications.
Key findings
- 01Researchers observed that adiponectin is associated with positive metabolic effects.
- 02The protein has been established as a reliable biomarker for insulin sensitivity.
- 03Epidemiological data indicate a connection between adiponectin levels and cardiovascular disease.
02Top
#02
Adiponectin: Structure, Physiological Functions, Role in Diseases, and Effects of Nutrition.
Khoramipour Kayvan, et al. · Nutrients · 2021
ReviewInfluence11.0
267
This review explored the structure and functions of adiponectin, a protein secreted by fat tissues. Researchers found that adiponectin plays a role in various physiological processes and is negatively correlated with diseases like cancer and diabetes. The review suggests that adiponectin could serve as a biomarker for diagnosing these conditions.
Key findings
- 01Adiponectin is involved in lipid metabolism, energy regulation, and inflammation.
- 02Higher adiponectin levels are associated with a reduced risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
- 03Healthy nutrition can significantly increase adiponectin levels.
03Top
#03
Adiponectin as a routine clinical biomarker.
Kishida Ken, et al. · Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2014
ReviewInfluence4.0
152
This review focused on the significance of adiponectin as a clinical biomarker for obesity-related diseases. Researchers found that low adiponectin levels are associated with various health issues, including metabolic syndrome and cancer, and recommend routine measurement of adiponectin in patients with lifestyle-related diseases.
Key findings
- 01Low levels of adiponectin are linked to several serious health conditions, including type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
- 02High levels of adiponectin can be associated with different health issues, such as cardiac and pulmonary diseases.
- 03Routine measurement of adiponectin is recommended for better management of lifestyle-related diseases.
04
#04
Adiponectin, lipids and atherosclerosis.
ReviewInfluence4.0
151
This review discussed the multifaceted role of adiponectin in various metabolic disorders and its potential as a prognostic biomarker in cardiometabolic diseases. Researchers found that adiponectin has anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties, and its levels are influenced by factors such as obesity and lifestyle. Further research is needed to clarify its clinical implications.
05
#05
The Activity of Adiponectin in Bone.
UnknownInfluence3.0
71
This study explored the relationship between adiponectin levels and bone health. Researchers observed that lower adiponectin levels in obese individuals are associated with lower bone mineral density, suggesting that adiponectin may negatively regulate bone metabolism. The findings highlight the complex interactions between fat and bone tissues.
06
#06
Effects of acute sleep loss on leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin in adults with healthy weight and obesity: A laboratory study.
HumanInfluence1.0
69
This study examined the effects of acute sleep deprivation on blood levels of leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin in adults. Researchers found that after sleep loss, levels of adiponectin increased significantly, particularly among normal-weight participants, while leptin levels decreased. The findings suggest that these hormonal changes may contribute to weight gain if sleep deprivation persists.
07
#07
Leptin and adiponectin: pathophysiological role and possible therapeutic target of inflammation in ischemic stroke.
ReviewInfluence3.0
65
This review addressed the roles of leptin and adiponectin in ischemic stroke. Researchers found that these adipocytokines are linked to inflammation and atherosclerosis. The study suggests that measuring their levels may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for stroke.
08
#08
Adiponectin as a biomarker linking obesity and adiposopathy to hematologic malignancies.
Dalamaga Maria & Christodoulatos Gerasimos S · Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation · 2015
ReviewInfluence2.0
59
This review discussed the link between adiponectin and hematologic malignancies. Researchers found that low adiponectin levels are associated with an increased risk of certain cancers. The study suggests that adiponectin may serve as a biomarker for cancer progression in overweight individuals.
Key findings
- 01Higher body mass index and adiposopathy are associated with an increased risk of blood cancers like leukemia and multiple myeloma.
- 02Adiponectin may play a role in linking obesity to the development of these cancers through its effects on inflammation and insulin sensitivity.
- 03Researchers observed that low levels of adiponectin are related to a higher risk of certain hematologic malignancies, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic tool.
09
#09
The role of adiponectin in cardiovascular disease.
Peng Jin, et al. · Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology · 2023
ReviewInfluence2.0
42
This review discussed the protective effects of adiponectin in cardiovascular disease. Researchers found that adiponectin improves lipid metabolism and protects vascular health, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and treatment.
Key findings
- 01Researchers observed that adiponectin can improve lipid metabolism, which is crucial for heart health.
- 02The hormone protects blood vessel cells and inhibits processes that contribute to CVD.
- 03Adiponectin may serve as a promising target for new treatments and diagnostic tools for cardiovascular disease.
10
#10
The role of adiponectin in placentation and preeclampsia.
Review
35
This review examined the role of adiponectin in preeclampsia. Researchers found that adiponectin levels change during pregnancy and are linked to the disease's symptoms. The study suggests adiponectin could be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for managing preeclampsia.
Publication Trend
Research publications about Adiponektin over time
9totalTrack your bloodwork in PepStack
Log lab results, track trends and optimize your biomarkers over time.
Legal Disclaimer
This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer