Lever
Lifestyle
- Regular exercise
- Stress management
- Adequate sleep
Blutwerte · Marker
BSG
Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit · ESR · Erythrozyten-Sedimentationsrate · Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Entzündungsmarker
- Einheit:
- mm/h
- Abbreviation
- BSG / ESR
ESR measures the rate at which erythrocytes (red blood cells) settle at the bottom of a test tube over an hour, indicating the presence of inflammation.
Reference Ranges
Reference
0–20mm/h
0
20
LowNormalHigh
Reference
Unit · mm/hReference ranges can vary based on age and sex. Typically, women have slightly higher ESR values than men.
Overview
Übersicht
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), also known as Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit (BSG) or Erythrozyten-Sedimentationsrate, is a blood test that measures the rate at which red blood cells sediment in a period of one hour. It is a non-specific marker of inflammation and is often used in conjunction with other tests to assess inflammatory conditions. Clinically, ESR is used to detect inflammation associated with conditions such as infections, cancers, and autoimmune diseases. It is particularly useful in diagnosing and monitoring diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Researchers have found that ESR can reflect disease activity, as seen in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, where elevated levels correlate with disease severity. In the context of athletic performance, biohacking, or longevity, ESR is not directly related to performance metrics but may be used to monitor systemic inflammation, which can impact recovery and overall health. It is important to note that ESR can be influenced by various factors, including age, sex, and certain medications. Time of day and fasting status do not significantly affect ESR, but it should be interpreted alongside other clinical assessments and laboratory tests to provide a comprehensive view of an individual's health status.
Klinische Bedeutung
Elevated ESR values typically indicate the presence of inflammation due to conditions such as infections, autoimmune diseases, or cancers. Low ESR values are generally not clinically significant but can occur in conditions like polycythemia or extreme leukocytosis.
Dynamics
Trend Interpretation
Rising Values
Progressively rising ESR values suggest increasing inflammation, warranting further investigation and possibly more frequent monitoring.
Falling Values
Decreasing ESR values may indicate a reduction in inflammation or response to treatment.
Re-test Interval
4 weeks if outside optimal range
Etiology
Causes — High & Low
Cause
Elevated Levels
- Chronic inflammation
- Infections
- Autoimmune diseases
- Cancers
- Pregnancy
Cause
Low Levels
- Polycythemia
- Extreme leukocytosis
- Sickle cell anemia
- Severe liver disease
- Congestive heart failure
Protocol
How to Optimize
Lever
Nutrition
- Anti-inflammatory diet
- Increased omega-3 intake
Lever
Supplementation
- Omega-3 fatty acids
- Curcumin
Note:
Consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen, especially if you have underlying health conditions.
Testing Guidelines
✓Fasting Not Required
✓Not Time-Sensitive
Testing Frequency
As needed for monitoring inflammatory conditions or as directed by a healthcare provider.
Interfering Factors
- Recent infection
- Pregnancy
- Certain medications
Related Peptides & Hormones
C Reactive Protein
hormone or peptideCorrelated with
Open Research Questions
Current research suggests that the reference ranges and optimal targets for BSG (CD147) in various cancers remain poorly defined, with confounding factors such as co-expressed biomarkers like PPIA (Cyclophilin A) complicating interpretation. Emerging research directions include exploring the therapeutic potential of targeting the CypA/CD147 interaction in cancer treatment. However, clinical questions remain unanswered regarding the specific mechanisms by which BSG influences cancer progression and its role as a prognostic indicator across different tumor types.
24 Research Publications
718
Total Citations
11
Human/RCT
5.5
Avg. Influence
2025
Latest
Sort
Filter
01Top
#01
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and C-reactive Protein Measurements and Their Relevance in Clinical Medicine.
Bray Christopher, et al. · WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin · 2016
ReviewInfluence16.0
328
This review examined the use of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as markers of systemic inflammation. Researchers found that these tests should be interpreted alongside clinical history due to their lack of specificity and sensitivity. Discrepancies between ESR and CRP readings were noted, particularly in chronic inflammatory diseases.
Key findings
- 01Researchers observed that ESR and CRP are commonly used to assess inflammation but have different sensitivities and specificities.
- 02They found that discrepancies between ESR and CRP results can arise due to various physiological factors.
- 03The study highlighted the importance of using these tests alongside clinical evaluations for accurate diagnosis and monitoring.
02Top
#02
Biomarkers of inflammatory bowel disease.
ReviewInfluence6.0
118
Researchers reviewed current biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and monitoring. They noted that while CRP and ESR are commonly used, they are not ideal, and ongoing research aims to identify better biomarkers for IBD.
03Top
#03
From bench to bedside: Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) as a biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis.
Inciarte-Mundo José, et al. · Frontiers in immunology · 2022
HumanInfluence6.0
113
This study focused on calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) as a biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Researchers found that higher calprotectin levels correlate better with disease activity than CRP or ESR. Additionally, calprotectin levels decreased after treatment, indicating its potential as a biomarker for monitoring RA.
Key findings
- 01Researchers observed higher levels of calprotectin in the blood and joint fluid of RA patients.
- 02They found that calprotectin levels correlate more closely with disease activity than traditional inflammatory markers.
- 03Researchers noted that calprotectin can predict the progression of joint damage in RA.
04
#04
Cyclophilin A/CD147 Interaction: A Promising Target for Anticancer Therapy.
ReviewInfluence1.0
60
Researchers investigated the interaction between Cyclophilin A and CD147 in cancer progression. They found that overexpression of the genes encoding these proteins was associated with poor prognosis in various cancers, indicating their potential as therapeutic targets.
05
#05
Anti-inflammatory potential of remimazolam: A laboratory and clinical investigation.
Clinical
15
This clinical investigation assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of remimazolam, an anesthetic agent. Researchers found that remimazolam exhibited antioxidant properties and resulted in lower postoperative CRP levels compared to dexmedetomidine.
06
#06
Frequency and Clinical Significance of Elevated IgG4 in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review.
Meta-Analysis
14
This systematic review focused on the role of elevated IgG4 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Researchers found a significant correlation between IgG4 levels and disease activity, as well as a decline in IgG4 levels with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug treatment, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for RA.
07
#07
Clinical and laboratory prognosticators of atrophic papulosis (Degos disease): a systematic review.
Review
14
This systematic review identified that elevated ESR or CRP levels are associated with systemic involvement in Degos disease. Researchers found that these markers could help predict the prognosis of patients with malignant forms of the disease.
08
#08
Relationship between ocular involvement and clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and coronary artery dilatation in Kawasaki disease.
Human
14
This study assessed ocular involvement in Kawasaki disease and its relationship with other clinical and laboratory findings. Researchers found that higher neutrophil counts and CRP levels were associated with uveitis in these patients, indicating a potential link between ocular symptoms and inflammation.
09
#09
Investigations in systemic vasculitis. The role of the laboratory.
ReviewInfluence1.0
12
Researchers explored the role of laboratory tests in diagnosing systemic vasculitis. They highlighted that while ESR and CRP are useful, they are nonspecific and cannot differentiate between disease activity and other inflammatory conditions.
10
#10
Expression and Clinical Significance of lncRNA NEAT1 in Patients with Spinal Tuberculosis.
In VitroInfluence3.0
11
This study investigated the expression of lncRNA NEAT1 in spinal tuberculosis patients. Researchers found that NEAT1 levels correlated with clinical characteristics and inflammatory markers, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker.
Publication Trend
Research publications about BSG over time
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