Lifestyle
- Regular weight-bearing exercise
- Adequate sunlight exposure
- Stress management
Seek immediate emergency care if calcium < 1.5 mmol/L or > 3.0 mmol/L.
Serum Calcium · Ca · Kalzium
The test quantifies the concentration of calcium ions in the blood, which is crucial for various physiological processes.
Ranges may vary slightly based on age and sex; fasting status can affect levels.
Calcium (Ca2+), also known as serum calcium or Kalzium, is a vital electrolyte in the human body, playing a crucial role in various physiological processes. It is primarily stored in bones and teeth, with a small percentage circulating in the blood. This biomarker measures the concentration of calcium ions in the blood, which is essential for muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting. Researchers have found that maintaining calcium homeostasis is critical for overall health. Clinically, calcium levels are significant in diagnosing and managing conditions such as hypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, and neonatal hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia, or low serum calcium, can result from insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, while hypercalcemia, or elevated serum calcium, is often associated with primary hyperparathyroidism or malignancies. For athletes and biohackers, optimal calcium levels are important for bone health, muscle function, and reducing the risk of fractures. However, excessive calcium intake or supplementation without medical supervision can lead to adverse effects, such as kidney stones or cardiovascular issues. Researchers observed that calcium levels can be influenced by factors such as vitamin D status, dietary intake, and hormonal changes. Testing should consider potential confounders like fasting status and time of day, as calcium levels can fluctuate. It is recommended to interpret calcium levels alongside related markers such as PTH and vitamin D to obtain a comprehensive understanding of an individual's calcium metabolism.
Klinische Bedeutung
Elevated calcium levels may indicate hyperparathyroidism or malignancy, while reduced levels can suggest hypoparathyroidism or vitamin D deficiency.
Progressively rising calcium levels may suggest hyperparathyroidism or malignancy; re-test in 4 weeks if outside optimal range.
Progressively falling calcium levels may indicate hypoparathyroidism or vitamin D deficiency.
Re-test Interval
4 weeks if outside optimal range
Note:
Consult a healthcare provider before starting supplements, especially if you have a history of kidney stones.
Calcium levels can vary throughout the day; morning levels may be higher.
Testing Frequency
Annually for healthy adults; more frequent if managing a condition.
May affect
Current research suggests that optimal serum calcium targets for managing conditions like hypoparathyroidism and primary hyperparathyroidism remain debated, particularly regarding the impact of confounders such as vitamin D levels and renal function. Researchers have not yet established standardized reference ranges for calcium in specific populations, such as neonates or during pregnancy. Additionally, clinical questions remain unanswered regarding the long-term efficacy and safety of emerging therapies, including prolonged PTH action molecules.
436
Total Citations
10
Human/RCT
2.0
Avg. Influence
2025
Latest
This Contemporary Review evaluated the measurement of ionized calcium in ICU patients, noting that many have abnormal levels. Researchers observed that while measurement is common, evidence does not fully support routine correction of low levels, as they may indicate disease severity and normalize with treatment of the underlying condition.
This study explored hypocalcemia in newborns, a common issue that can affect biochemical processes crucial for health. Researchers observed that healthy term infants experience a natural drop in calcium levels shortly after birth, but high-risk infants may develop hypocalcemia requiring calcium supplementation. Treatment duration varies based on the onset of hypocalcemia.
This study examined the management of hypoparathyroidism, a rare disorder characterized by low calcium levels. Researchers found that conventional therapy with calcium and vitamin D aims to maintain serum calcium levels, but has limitations such as fluctuations and a high pill burden. They noted that parathyroid hormone replacement may improve outcomes when conventional therapy is unsatisfactory.
Researchers investigated the effects of gadodiamide and gadopentetate dimeglumine on serum calcium and magnesium levels in patients undergoing MRI. They found that gadodiamide caused a significant drop in serum calcium levels, leading to instances of spurious critical hypocalcemia, while gadopentetate dimeglumine did not affect serum calcium or magnesium measurements.
Researchers found that the serum calcium to phosphorous (Ca/P) ratio is a simple and effective diagnostic tool for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The study demonstrated that the Ca/P ratio was significantly higher in PHPT patients compared to controls, with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 87%. This ratio can be particularly useful in low-resource settings for diagnosing PHPT.
Researchers presented a case of a patient with a long history of tumoral calcinosis, where serum calcium levels were normal but serum phosphorous levels were slightly elevated. The case highlights the unique characteristics of tumoral calcinosis and its effects on soft tissues.
Researchers explored the clinical value of serum calcium in elderly patients with sepsis. They found that lower serum calcium levels were associated with more severe sepsis and higher mortality rates. This suggests that monitoring serum calcium could aid in recognizing and assessing the severity of sepsis in elderly patients.
Researchers highlighted the significance of magnesium in relation to calcium homeostasis and its role in various bodily functions. The study pointed out that magnesium imbalance can lead to serious health issues and emphasized the need for accurate measurement and interpretation of magnesium levels in clinical practice.
111
Total Trials
151,423
Total Enrolled
Associação Pan-Americana Multidisciplinar de Endocanabinologia
80
2026
Change From Period Baseline in Chronic Pain Intensity on the Visual Analog Scale
The University of Hong Kong
100
2026
Pain by visual analogue scale
MBX Biosciences
160
2026
To evaluate the effect of pooled weekly doses of canvuparatide on the proportion of responder patients at week 26.
Daiichi Sankyo
103
2026
Annualised change in percentage plaque burden (Δ%PB)
Prof. Lars Olaf Cardell
60
2026
Frequency of response
Ascendis Pharma A/S
12
2026
Percentage of participants meeting the multicomponent efficacy endpoint at Week 26
Nemocnice AGEL Trinec-Podlesi a.s.
100
2026
Change in AGEL Gamification Index (AGI) from Baseline to 12 Months
University of Nottingham
120
2025
The proportion of patients who achieved biochemical control (serum phosphate above the lower limit of the local reference range) on a dose of less than 0.8 mg/kg per dose of Burosumab.
Universidad de Granada
200
2025
Change in functional capacity
Rigshospitalet, Denmark
175
2025
Intelligence quotient
Cairo University
30
2025
Intensity of post-operative pain
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
153
2025
Incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) (safety phase)
Mansoura University
75
2025
assess the clinical effectiveness of the locally delivered spirulina gel prepared by different pharmaceutical extraction methods as an adjunctive therapy to mechanical debridement in stage II grade B periodontitis.
University of Avignon
33
2025
Change in regional myocardial stunning.
Zhibing Lu
16
2025
Change in Frequency of Coronary Spasm Episodes
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
60
2024
Number of Participants Consented
University of Roma La Sapienza
50
2024
Change in sperm concentration (total count per ejaculate) at semen analysis (male subjects)
Alfred Chung, MD
0
2024
Proportion of participants with reported dose limiting toxicities (Phase 1)
Beni-Suef University
175
2023
Blood pressure
I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Santa Lucia
50
2023
Clinical evaluation, Gait Analysis and Metabolic variables efficacy of therapy
Cathreine BV
12,000
2023
Occurrence of target vessel revascularization, myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality
Indiana University
150
2022
Lipid profile
MGC Pharmaceuticals d.o.o
240
2022
Change in WHO Ordinal Scale for clinical improvement
Ana Ganho Ávila
50
2022
Feasibility of the intervention - Number of completed tDCS applications
Bristol-Myers Squibb
1,700
2022
Incidence rate of new or worsening heart failure due to systolic dysfunction among participants with symptomatic obstructive HCM during periods of exposure to mavacamten and other oHCM treatment
University of Pennsylvania
40
2022
Reaching 40 Patients
Peking University Third Hospital
60
2022
plasma concentration
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice
242
2022
Plasma levels of PPI
Texas A&M University
249
2022
Questionnaires, self-reported changes in general physical health, and physiological measurements to predict of type of vaccine administered
German Cancer Research Center
3
2022
Incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) (CTCAE V5.0) over 22 days
Poznan University of Life Sciences
90
2022
Calcium
Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences Rohtak
62
2021
Glycemic index (HbA1c) levels
University of South China
1,400
2021
The prevalence and incidence rate of CAC in T2DM
Annapoorna Kini
137
2021
Change in Minimal Fibrous Cap Thickness (FCT)
Sanofi
50
2021
Objective Response Rate (ORR)
Mayo Clinic
25
2021
Efficacy of Acetazolamide on Ataxia Measured Via Miniature International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (Mini-ICARS)
Anne Noonan
9
2020
Recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of dasatinib
Vejle Hospital
83
2020
The rate of progression free patients at six months
Sun Yat-sen University
90
2019
Metabolic syndrome score
Centre Leon Berard
35
2019
Determination of the efficacy of lenvatinib associated with denosumab in the treatment of patients with predominant bone metastases from Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
100
2018
Left Ventricular Mass
Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris
500
2018
Incidence of a calcium score
Janssen Research & Development, LLC
629
2018
Overall Survival (OS)
Josko Bozic
120
2018
Catestatin levels in blood serum
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
120
2018
Progression free survival (PFS)
Martin Blomberg Jensen
12
2018
Serum calcium
University of Leicester
593
2017
Prevalence of early heart failure in type 2 diabetes
French Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Authority (ASNR)
250
2017
Number of patients with decreased myocardial function assessed by echocardiography
Bristol-Myers Squibb
118
2017
changes in cardiovascular risk from baseline using the Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Score
Maastricht University Medical Center
226
2016
Relationship between placental acute atherosis and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis at 1 year postpartum
Hospital Son Espases
40
2016
Calcemia
University of Nebraska Lincoln
20
2016
Change in Resting Metabolic Rate
Kyowa Kirin, Inc.
13
2016
Change From Baseline at Week 40 in Serum Phosphorus
Borgess Research Institute
240
2016
Estimation of the proportion of people in the Kalamazoo, MI, area who have asymptomatic CAD.
Mehrdad Abedi, MD
10
2015
Maximum tolerated dose of carfilzomib with hyper-CVAD, defined as the dose that produces dose limiting toxicity in 17% or fewer (1/6) of patients, graded according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) v4
Case Comprehensive Cancer Center
1
2015
Number of Patients Undergoing Surgical Resection After Receiving at Least 4 of the 6 Courses of Preoperative Chemotherapy
Korea University Anam Hospital
300
2015
Major adverse cardiovascular outcome
Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
5
2015
PSA Response Rate
University of Southern California
14
2015
Incidence of adverse events assessed by CTCAE version 4.03
Washington University School of Medicine
6
2015
Arm A Only: Number of Participants With Progression-free Survival (PFS)
Beijing Friendship Hospital
100
2015
Percent Atheroma Volume (PAV)
Cairo University
49
2015
Routine blood work and tumor markers
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
12
2014
Number and severity of adverse events
Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital
1,350
2014
myocardial injury reduction
Esbjerg Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark
200
2014
Progression of contrast enhanced cardiac CT in relation to baseline and follow-up cardiovascular risk factors and biomarkers.
Biogen
156
2014
Part 1: Proportion of Participants Free of New or Newly Enlarging T2 Hyperintense Lesions on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scans
Spanish Cooperative Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumours (TTD)
15
2014
Progression free survival rate at 6 months
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
53
2014
Overall Survival
University of Michigan
9
2014
Participants Who Experienced Safety Concerns, Where Safety Concerns of Quercetin Supplementation is Indicated by Significant Change From Baseline Measures of Tests Indicated Below in Outcome Measure Description
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
77,000
2014
Statin Prescription
University of Surrey
45
2013
A miRNA signature in the presence and absence of coronary artery calcification (CAC)
Florida State University
78
2013
Calcium Score Measured from CT Angiography
University of Southern California
17
2013
Number of Participants With Pathological Complete Response (pCR) to Neoadjuvant Therapy
Asan Medical Center
22
2013
Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD)
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
135
2013
Percent Change From Baseline to Month 12 in Femoral BMD
Diakonhjemmet Hospital
114
2013
Carotid artery cholesterol plaque regression and stabilization
Nantes University Hospital
12
2012
determine DMO distal femur at 36 months
Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
300
2012
bone metabolism (bone mineral density and serum bone turnover biomarkers)
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
214
2012
Percent Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)-Measured BMD at the Spine for the Randomized Study Groups
Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University
85
2012
Number of microcalcifications seen on MicroPure ultrasound
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
5,949
2012
DFS of Non-DS HR Post-induction Patients Receiving Intrathecal (IT) Methotrexate (MTX) Compared With Patients Receiving Intrathecal Triple Therapy (ITT) on a Modified Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (MBFM) Interim Maintenance High-dose Methotrexate Backbone
University of Ioannina
75
2011
Change in the Numerical Pain Rating Scale
GlaxoSmithKline
39
2011
assess the mean fold increase in the number of peripheral CD34+ cells, at total daily doses ranging from 100mg to 400mgs over 1 to 28 days
University of Rochester
191
2011
Measure the Amount of Bone Mineral Density Loss in Non-metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Receiving a High Dose Vitamin D Therapy Along With a Structured Home-based Walking and Progressive Resistance Exercise Program.
Vadim Sherman, MD
37
2011
Vitamin D Concentrations, Pre Operative and Post Bariatric Surgery Following 12 Weeks of Vitamin D Supplementation
University of Sao Paulo General Hospital
205
2011
Coronary Calcium Score
City of Hope Medical Center
3
2011
Maximum tolerated dose of yttrium-90 (90Y) M5A anti-CEA antibody when given in combination with FOLFIRI chemotherapy and bevacizumab
University of Wisconsin, Madison
12
2011
Remission of calciphylaxis skin lesions
University of Southern California
7
2010
To assess the safety of this regimen
University of Roma La Sapienza
160
2010
Myocardial enzymes arise
University Medical Center Goettingen
672
2010
Total Mortality
UK Kidney Association
35,000
2009
Facilitate translational and epidemiological research
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
13
2009
Change in Rickets Severity on Skeletal Radiographs From Baseline to Week 24 as Measured by the Radiographic Global Impression of Change (RGI-C) Scale
Hospital Universitari Son Dureta
250
2009
Calcium in aortic valve and in coronary arteries assessed by multidetector CT scanner (Agatston units)
Pfizer
338
2009
Number of Participants With Major Bleeding Events Adjudicated by Central Adjudication Committee
Tarsa Therapeutics, Inc.
565
2009
Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Axial Lumbar Spine
GlaxoSmithKline
99
2009
Change From Baseline in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD17), on Day 14 and 42
Shire
124
2008
The Percentage of Subjects Who Met the Triple Efficacy Endpoint Criteria at Week 24.
Children's Oncology Group
166
2008
Pharmacokinetics (PK) (Half-life of SC-PEG E. Coli L-asparaginase (EZN-2285) Compared to Pegaspargase During Induction and Consolidation Therapy)
GlaxoSmithKline
92
2008
Number of Participants With Any Serious Adverse Event (SAE) and Any Non Serious Adverse Event
Cheryl Pugh
169
2007
Failure-free survival at 10 months
Chugai Pharmaceutical
1,265
2007
Incidence of vertebral fracture
Novartis
604
2006
Change of Cross-linked N-telopeptide of Type I Collagen (NTx) Level Assessed as Standardized Area Under the Curve From Screening to Month 12 in the Intent-to-Treat Population
British Columbia Cancer Agency
150
2006
Progression-free survival (PFS) in participants with advanced stage DLBCL
The University of Hong Kong
160
2006
Change in carotid intima-media thickness
Sumitomo Pharma Switzerland GmbH
25
2005
Efficacy parameter: use of calcium/calcitriol at 1 year post-transplantation.
The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
197
2004
Fibroglandular Tissue in Total Breast (FGBT%)
Novartis Pharmaceuticals
288
2004
To compare % change in Lumbar Spine BMD from Baseline to Month 24 in ZOL (annual i.v. infusion) vs Alendronate (weekly oral) osteoporotic male populations
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
2,137
2001
Primary outcome measures include - Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score at Year 4 - CAD risk factors, Framingham Risk Score (FRS), and health behaviors at Year 4 - Adverse cardiac outcomes during follow-up
City of Hope Medical Center
31
2000
Overall Response
Organon and Co
650
1995
BMD of the lumbar spine determined by a DEXA scan at 2 years
Research publications about Calcium over time
7totalLog lab results, track trends and optimize your biomarkers over time.
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