Lever
Lifestyle
- Regular exercise
- Stress management
- Adequate sleep
Blutwerte · Marker
Estradiol
E2 · 17beta-Estradiol · Oestradiol
Hormone — ReproduktionsachseZeitabhängig
- Einheit:
- nmol/L
- Abbreviation
- E2
Estradiol (E2) quantifies the concentration of the estrogen hormone 17β-estradiol in the blood.
Reference Ranges
Reference
0.1–0.4nmol/L
0.1
0.4
LowNormalHigh
Reference
Unit · nmol/LRanges vary significantly with sex, age, and menstrual cycle phase in women.
Overview
Übersicht
Estradiol (E2), also known as 17β-estradiol, is a potent estrogen steroid hormone and the primary female sex hormone. It is crucial for the regulation of the menstrual and estrous reproductive cycles. In males, estradiol is present in lower concentrations but plays significant roles in modulating reproductive and non-reproductive functions, including bone health, brain function, and cardiovascular health. Clinically, estradiol levels are essential in assessing ovarian function, diagnosing menopause, and evaluating estrogen-producing tumors. In men, abnormal levels may indicate conditions such as gynecomastia or infertility. Estradiol's role in athletic performance and biohacking is linked to its effects on muscle mass, bone density, and mood regulation. However, its influence on longevity is complex, as it may protect against osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease but also has associations with certain cancers. Researchers observed that estradiol levels can be influenced by factors such as time of day, fasting status, and recent physical activity, which can confound test results. Therefore, consistent testing conditions are recommended to ensure accurate interpretation.
Klinische Bedeutung
Elevated estradiol levels in women may indicate ovarian tumors, liver disease, or estrogen therapy, while in men, it could suggest gynecomastia or testicular tumors. Reduced levels are associated with menopause in women and hypogonadism in men.
Dynamics
Trend Interpretation
Rising Values
Progressively rising estradiol levels may suggest estrogen-producing tumors or excessive hormone therapy; retest in 4 weeks if outside optimal range.
Falling Values
Progressively falling levels may indicate approaching menopause or ovarian failure.
Re-test Interval
4 weeks if outside optimal range
Etiology
Causes — High & Low
Cause
Elevated Levels
- Ovarian tumors
- Liver disease
- Estrogen therapy
- Hyperthyroidism
- Adrenal tumors
Cause
Low Levels
- Menopause
- Hypogonadism
- Premature ovarian failure
- Turner syndrome
- Chronic kidney disease
Protocol
How to Optimize
Lever
Nutrition
- Soy products
- Flaxseeds
- Cruciferous vegetables
Lever
Supplementation
- Phytoestrogens
- Vitamin D
Note:
Consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, especially if on hormone therapy.
Testing Guidelines
✓Fasting Not Required
🕐Time-Sensitive
Estradiol levels can fluctuate throughout the day; morning samples are often recommended.
Testing Frequency
Annually for women over 50, more frequently if symptomatic or on hormone therapy.
Interfering Factors
- Recent intense exercise
- Hormonal medications
- Pregnancy
Related Peptides & Hormones
Testosterone
hormoneCorrelated with
Open Research Questions
Current research suggests that robust reference intervals for estradiol (E2) in various populations, particularly in cisgender and transgender women, remain incomplete and debated, especially regarding its role in menopausal symptoms and hormone therapy. Researchers have not yet established optimal targets for E2 levels in the context of hormone therapy and its long-term effects on cognitive function. Additionally, clinical questions about the mechanisms of estrogen-induced apoptosis in breast cancer and the implications of unopposed estradiol during menopause remain unanswered.
54 Research Publications
2,197
Total Citations
18
Human/RCT
3.5
Avg. Influence
2024
Latest
Sort
Filter
01Top
#01
Estrogens in Male Physiology.
ReviewInfluence17.0
406
Researchers found that estrogens, particularly 17β-Estradiol (E2), play significant roles in male physiology, influencing both reproductive and non-reproductive organs. The study highlighted the importance of estrogen signaling in male reproductive health and suggested that disruptions in this signaling could lead to reproductive pathologies.
02Top
#02
Neuroprotective effects of estrogens following ischemic stroke.
ReviewInfluence8.0
226
This review examined the neuroprotective effects of 17β-estradiol following ischemic stroke. Researchers found that low physiological concentrations of estradiol significantly protect the brain from stroke injury, revealing multiple signaling pathways involved in this protective action.
03Top
#03
The effects of soy isoflavones on obesity.
ReviewInfluence3.0
202
Researchers reviewed the impact of soy isoflavones on obesity, noting their structural similarity to estrogens and potential health benefits. The study suggested that isoflavones may exert estrogenic effects and influence metabolic health, particularly in populations consuming soy-rich diets.
04
#04
Comparison of vitellogenin responses in zebrafish and rainbow trout following exposure to environmental estrogens.
AnimalInfluence10.0
200
05
#05
The menopause and aging, a comparative perspective.
ReviewInfluence8.0
136
Researchers reviewed the neuroendocrinology of menopause, comparing rodent models to human experiences. They found that while both species show changes in ovarian function and hormone levels, the mechanisms affecting hormone surges differ, suggesting unique pathways in menopause-related health.
06
#06
Estrogen as a key regulator of energy homeostasis and metabolic health.
ReviewInfluence3.0
124
Researchers found that estrogens, particularly 17β-estradiol (E2), play a crucial role in regulating energy balance and metabolic health. The study highlighted the impact of estrogen deficiency on obesity and metabolic disorders, and how estrogen therapy can reverse these effects. It also emphasized the importance of understanding estrogen signaling in both males and females for developing effective treatments for metabolic disorders.
07
#07
Estrogen synthesis in normal and malignant human endometrium.
Human
110
Researchers investigated the ability of normal and malignant human endometrium to synthesize estrogen from testosterone. They found that proliferative endometrial tissues had a significantly higher capacity for estrogen production compared to secretory tissues, indicating hormonal regulation of estrogen synthesis in the endometrium.
08
#08
Estrogen mediates the sex difference in post-burn immunosuppression.
AnimalInfluence3.0
100
09
#09
Estradiol/progesterone interaction in normal and pathologic breast cells.
In Vitro
62
Researchers examined the interaction between estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in breast cells, finding that balanced levels of these hormones are crucial for normal cell differentiation. The study suggested that an imbalance could promote breast carcinogenesis.
10
#10
Estradiol metabolism: an endocrine biomarker for modulation of human mammary carcinogenesis.
In VitroInfluence1.0
62
This study investigated how the metabolism of estradiol (E2) is altered by carcinogens in mammary tissue, suggesting that changes in E2 metabolism could serve as biomarkers for breast cancer risk. Researchers noted that specific treatments could influence E2 metabolism and cell proliferation.
Clinical Trials (10)
10
Total Trials
9,907
Total Enrolled
Transdermal Estradiol and Exercise in Mitigating Adverse Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy
Sponsor
Central Finland Hospital District
Enrollment
310
Started
2024
Primary outcome
The efficacy of transdermal estradiol in mitigating the deterioration of EPIC-26 (The Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite) sexual function domain scores caused by androgen deprivation therapy.
Prostate Cancer
Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of the Fixed-dose Combination of Estradiol / Dydrogesterone in Perimenopausal Women
Sponsor
Scientific Research Institute of Public Health, Russian Federation
Enrollment
150
Started
2021
Primary outcome
Changes in the average number of "hot flashes" per day* as percentages according to data from the patient diary after 84 days (3 cycles) since the initiation of treatment compared to baseline (Visit 0).
Perimenopausal DisorderHot Flashes
Short-term Effects of Transdermal Estradiol on Female COVID-19 Patients
Sponsor
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
Enrollment
9,169
Started
2020
Primary outcome
Evidence of disease progression for mild cases
COVID-19Hormone Replacement Therapy
Estrogen Receptor Antagonist in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Sponsor
University of Pennsylvania
Enrollment
5
Started
2017
Primary outcome
Change From Baseline of Plasma Estradiol Levels
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Alternative Dosing of Exemestane Before Surgery in Treating Postmenopausal Patients With Stage 0-II Estrogen Positive Breast Cancer
Sponsor
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Enrollment
180
Started
2016
Primary outcome
Percent Change in Time of Circulating Estradiol SPE in Each Arm
Stage 0 Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7Stage I Breast Cancer AJCC v7Stage IA Breast Cancer AJCC v7Stage IB Breast Cancer AJCC v7Stage II Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7Stage IIA Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7Stage IIB Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7
A Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety Study of an Oral Contraceptive Containing Norethindrone and Ethinyl Estradiol When Co-administered With GSK1322322 in Healthy Adult Women
Sponsor
GlaxoSmithKline
Enrollment
0
Started
2014
Primary outcome
Composite of PK parameters of EE/NE to compare the steady state plasma PK. If data permit, after EE/NE alone for 7 days and after EE/NE with GSK1322322 for 7 days.
Infections, Bacterial
Resveratrol in Postmenopausal Women With High Body Mass Index
Sponsor
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Enrollment
46
Started
2011
Primary outcome
Change in serum estradiol levels in postmenopausal women with high BMI
Healthy, no Evidence of Disease
Studying the Effect of Freeze-Dried Table Grape Powder on Blood Estrogen Levels in Postmenopausal Women
NCT00611104COMPLETED
Sponsor
Mayo Clinic
Enrollment
20
Started
2008
Primary outcome
Serum levels of plasma estrone (E1), estradiol, E1-conjugates, and E1-sulfates
Breast Cancer
White Button Mushroom Extract in Preventing the Recurrence of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors
Sponsor
City of Hope Medical Center
Enrollment
16
Started
2008
Primary outcome
Efficacy of white button mushroom extract (WBM) in reducing serum estradiol (E2)
Breast CancerCancer Survivor
Deslorelin Combined With Low-Dose Add-Back Estradiol and Testosterone in Preventing Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Women Who Are at High Risk for This Disease
Sponsor
City of Hope Medical Center
Enrollment
11
Started
2004
Primary outcome
Treatment effects and correlation of changes in morphometrics and biomarkers as assessed by mammogram and magnetic resonance image (MRI) densities on days 1 and 300
brca1 Mutation Carrierbrca2 Mutation CarrierBreast Cancer
Publication Trend
Research publications about Estradiol over time
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