Lever
Lifestyle
- Regular exercise
- Adequate hydration
- Stress management
Blutwerte · Marker
Globulin
Serum Globulin · Gesamtglobulin
LeberwerteNüchtern erforderlich
- Einheit:
- g/L
Globulin measures the concentration of a group of proteins in the blood plasma involved in immune response and liver function.
Reference Ranges
Reference
20–35g/L
20
35
LowNormalHigh
Reference
Unit · g/LReference ranges may vary slightly by laboratory and population. Fasting is recommended for accurate results.
Overview
Übersicht
Globulin is a group of proteins in the blood plasma that play a crucial role in liver function, blood clotting, and fighting infections. It is a major component of total serum protein, which also includes albumin. Researchers have found that globulin levels can be indicative of various health conditions, particularly those related to liver function and immune system status. Clinically, elevated globulin levels may suggest chronic inflammatory diseases, liver disease, or infections, while low levels might indicate kidney disease or malnutrition. In the context of athletic performance and biohacking, maintaining optimal globulin levels is essential for immune function and recovery, although specific interventions to manipulate globulin levels for performance enhancement are not well-documented. Caveats in measuring globulin include potential confounders such as dehydration, which can falsely elevate levels, and the requirement for fasting before testing to ensure accurate results.
Klinische Bedeutung
Elevated globulin levels can indicate chronic inflammation, liver disease, or infections. Reduced levels may suggest kidney disease, malnutrition, or immune deficiencies.
Dynamics
Trend Interpretation
Rising Values
Progressively rising globulin levels may suggest worsening of chronic inflammatory conditions or liver disease. Re-test in 4-6 weeks if levels are outside the normal range.
Falling Values
Progressively falling globulin levels could indicate improving inflammation or resolving infection.
Re-test Interval
4 weeks if outside optimal range
Etiology
Causes — High & Low
Cause
Elevated Levels
- Chronic inflammatory diseases
- Liver disease
- Infections
- Autoimmune disorders
- Multiple myeloma
Cause
Low Levels
- Kidney disease
- Malnutrition
- Liver dysfunction
- Immunodeficiency
- Protein-losing enteropathy
Protocol
How to Optimize
Lever
Nutrition
- Balanced diet with adequate protein
- Increased intake of fruits and vegetables
Lever
Supplementation
- Omega-3 supplements
- Probiotics
Note:
Consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice, especially if underlying conditions are suspected.
Testing Guidelines
🍽️Fasting Required
✓Not Time-Sensitive
Testing Frequency
Annually for routine health check-ups or more frequently if monitoring specific conditions.
Interfering Factors
- Dehydration
- Recent infection
- Chronic inflammation
Open Research Questions
Current research suggests that reference ranges for sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) may vary significantly across populations, and optimal targets for therapeutic interventions in conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and type 2 diabetes remain to be established. Researchers have not yet fully elucidated the confounding factors affecting SHBG levels, such as genetic variants and metabolic conditions. Unanswered clinical questions include the long-term efficacy of SHBG-raising therapies and their impact on metabolic health outcomes.
22 Research Publications
673
Total Citations
14
Human/RCT
3.9
Avg. Influence
2026
Latest
Sort
Filter
01Top
#01
Diagnosing tuberculous pericarditis.
HumanInfluence12.0
170
This study investigated diagnostic methods for tuberculous pericarditis in patients with pericardial effusions. Researchers found that elevated serum globulin levels (>40 g/l) were independently predictive of the condition. The study developed a diagnostic model with high sensitivity and specificity, emphasizing the importance of basic clinical and laboratory features.
02Top
#02
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) as an Early Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
ReviewInfluence1.0
158
This review examined the role of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Researchers found that lower SHBG levels are associated with increased androgen bioavailability, contributing to ovarian pathology and insulin resistance. The study suggests that SHBG could serve as a valuable diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for managing PCOS.
03Top
#03
The biomarker sex hormone-binding globulin - from established applications to emerging trends in clinical medicine.
ReviewInfluence5.0
99
Researchers reviewed the clinical applications of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) as a biomarker. They highlighted its role in various conditions, including hormonal disorders and cancers, and discussed how SHBG levels can be influenced by metabolic factors. This study emphasizes the potential of SHBG as a surrogate marker in clinical practice.
04
#04
Corticosteroid-binding globulin: the clinical significance of altered levels and heritable mutations.
HumanInfluence8.0
83
This research examined the clinical significance of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) levels and genetic mutations. Researchers found that certain mutations can reduce CBG levels and binding affinity, potentially impacting cortisol delivery and stress responses. The study suggests further investigation into the role of CBG in conditions like fatigue and metabolic syndrome.
05
#05
Sex hormone-binding globulin: biomarker and hepatokine?
Human
60
This research explored the regulatory mechanisms of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and its implications for metabolic health. Researchers found that genetic variants affecting SHBG levels are linked to metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The findings support the potential for developing therapies aimed at increasing SHBG to prevent these disorders.
06
#06
Elevated serum globulin fraction as a biomarker of multiyear disease severity in inflammatory bowel disease.
HumanInfluence1.0
20
Researchers studied the significance of elevated serum globulin fraction in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients over four years. They found that a high globulin fraction is associated with greater disease severity and increased healthcare utilization. This study suggests globulin fraction may serve as a biomarker for disease trajectory in IBD.
07
#07
Postpartum Rh immunoprophylaxis.
HumanInfluence1.0
18
This study focused on the determination of postpartum Rh immune globulin doses based on fetal red blood cell estimation. Researchers found that traditional methods for estimating fetal hemorrhage can be imprecise, suggesting the need for more accurate techniques like flow cytometry. The study highlights the variability in Rh immune globulin dosing based on laboratory assessments.
08
#08
Autoimmune hepatitis and liver transplantation: Indications, and recurrent and de novo autoimmune hepatitis.
Human
18
This research focused on autoimmune hepatitis and its implications for liver transplantation. Researchers found that elevated serum globulin levels are characteristic of autoimmune hepatitis, and recurrence of the disease post-transplantation is common. The study underscores the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to improve patient outcomes.
09
#09
Association of serum globulin with all-cause mortality in incident hemodialysis patients.
HumanInfluence2.0
18
Researchers found that higher serum globulin levels are associated with increased all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients. They observed that globulin levels above 3.8 g/dL correlated with higher mortality risks, independent of other inflammatory and nutritional markers. This study highlights the potential of globulin as a prognostic biomarker.
10
#10
Reference Curves for Pediatric Endocrinology: Leveraging Biomarker Z-Scores for Clinical Classifications.
Madsen Andre, et al. · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022
Human
16
This study aimed to establish gender-specific reference curves for pediatric endocrine biomarkers. Researchers found that serum levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI) in girls. The findings provide a framework for clinical assessments and highlight the importance of age and gender in hormone evaluation.
Key findings
- 01Researchers found that BMI positively correlates with breast volume in girls and leptin levels, while being inversely related to sex hormone-binding globulin levels.
- 02Researchers observed significant differences in hormone biomarker profiles based on puberty stages and BMI categories.
- 03Researchers established gender-specific reference curves for hormone levels that can enhance clinical assessments in pediatric endocrinology.
Publication Trend
Research publications about Globulin over time
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