Lever
Lifestyle
- Regular exercise
- Adequate hydration
- Stress management
Blutwerte · Marker
Globulin
Serum Globulin · Gesamtglobulin
Leberwerte
- Einheit:
- g/L
Globulin measures the total concentration of globulin proteins in the blood, which include alpha, beta, and gamma globulins.
Reference Ranges
Reference
20–35g/L
20
35
LowNormalHigh
Reference
Unit · g/LReference ranges can vary slightly based on laboratory standards.
Overview
Übersicht
Globulin is a group of proteins in the blood plasma that play critical roles in liver function, blood clotting, and fighting infections. It is one of the major protein fractions in the blood, along with albumin. Researchers have identified that globulins are involved in various biological processes including immune system regulation and transport of hormones and lipids. Clinically, globulin levels are important for diagnosing and monitoring liver disease, kidney disease, and immune disorders. Elevated globulin levels can indicate chronic inflammation, infections, or liver disease, while low levels may suggest kidney disease or malnutrition. In the context of athletic performance and biohacking, maintaining optimal globulin levels is crucial for immune function and recovery. Athletes might monitor globulin to ensure their immune system is not compromised due to intense training. However, factors such as dehydration, recent infections, or medications can confound globulin measurements. Time of day and fasting status generally do not significantly affect globulin levels, but it is recommended to follow consistent testing conditions for accurate monitoring.
Klinische Bedeutung
Elevated globulin levels may indicate chronic inflammatory diseases, infections, or liver disease. Low globulin levels can suggest kidney disease, liver dysfunction, or malnutrition.
Dynamics
Trend Interpretation
Rising Values
Progressively rising globulin levels may suggest worsening chronic inflammation or liver disease. Retest in 4-6 weeks if elevated.
Falling Values
Falling globulin levels could indicate improving inflammation or nutritional status.
Re-test Interval
4 weeks if outside optimal range
Etiology
Causes — High & Low
Cause
Elevated Levels
- Chronic inflammation
- Infections
- Liver disease
- Autoimmune disorders
- Multiple myeloma
Cause
Low Levels
- Kidney disease
- Liver dysfunction
- Malnutrition
- Protein-losing enteropathy
- Immunodeficiency
Protocol
How to Optimize
Lever
Nutrition
- Balanced diet rich in proteins
- Adequate caloric intake
- Omega-3 fatty acids
Lever
Supplementation
- Omega-3 supplements
- Probiotics
Note:
Consult a healthcare provider before making significant dietary or lifestyle changes.
Testing Guidelines
✓Fasting Not Required
✓Not Time-Sensitive
Testing Frequency
Annually for routine health check-ups, more frequently if monitoring specific conditions.
Interfering Factors
- Dehydration
- Recent infections
- Certain medications
Related Peptides & Hormones
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
hormone or peptideCorrelated with
Open Research Questions
Current research suggests that the reference ranges for serum globulin levels, particularly in the context of conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and upper tract urothelial carcinoma, remain debated, with optimal targets yet to be established. Researchers have not yet established the impact of confounding factors such as inflammation or liver function on globulin levels. Unanswered clinical questions include the role of globulin in predicting treatment responses and long-term outcomes in various diseases.
44 Research Publications
789
Total Citations
18
Human/RCT
3.4
Avg. Influence
2026
Latest
Sort
Filter
01Top
#01
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) as an Early Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
ReviewInfluence2.0
176
This review explored the role of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Researchers observed that lower SHBG levels correlate with increased androgen bioavailability, contributing to ovarian pathology and insulin resistance. The study suggests that SHBG may serve as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in managing PCOS.
02Top
#02
Diagnosing tuberculous pericarditis.
HumanInfluence12.0
174
This study investigated diagnostic methods for tuberculous pericarditis in 233 patients with pericardial effusions. Researchers found that serum globulin levels greater than 40 g/l were independently predictive of the disease. A diagnostic model incorporating pericardial fluid tests achieved high sensitivity and specificity, suggesting that basic clinical features can aid in diagnosis.
03Top
#03
The biomarker sex hormone-binding globulin - from established applications to emerging trends in clinical medicine.
ReviewInfluence5.0
99
This review explored the clinical significance of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) as a biomarker. Researchers found that SHBG levels are altered in various conditions, including hormonal disorders and certain cancers. The study discusses the potential of SHBG measurements as surrogate markers for disease assessment and management.
04
#04
Corticosteroid-binding globulin: the clinical significance of altered levels and heritable mutations.
UnknownInfluence8.0
84
This article reviewed the clinical significance of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) levels and genetic mutations. Researchers found that alterations in CBG levels may be associated with fatigue and immune defects. The study highlights the need for further research to clarify the implications of CBG mutations.
05
#05
Sex hormone-binding globulin: biomarker and hepatokine?
Review
63
Researchers observed that genetic variants affecting serum SHBG levels are linked to metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. They suggest that SHBG may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. The findings support the development of therapies aimed at raising SHBG levels to prevent or treat related disorders.
06
#06
Clinical significance of IgG subclasses.
Unknown
49
Researchers noted that IgG subclass deficiency is associated with various clinical conditions, although its significance remains unclear. They suggest that gamma globulin therapy may benefit select patients with recurrent infections and subclass deficiency. The study highlights the need for further investigation into the clinical relevance of IgG subclasses.
07
#07
Current screening approaches for antibody deficiency.
Review
21
This review focused on the challenges of diagnosing primary antibody deficiency (PAD). Researchers found that calculated globulin levels could serve as a screening tool to reduce diagnostic delays. The study emphasizes the need for integrating laboratory results with clinical data to improve early diagnosis of PAD.
08
#08
Association of serum globulin with all-cause mortality in incident hemodialysis patients.
Retrospective cohortInfluence2.0
21
Researchers observed that higher serum globulin levels (>3.8 g/dL) are associated with increased all-cause and infection-related mortality in hemodialysis patients. The study emphasizes the need to further investigate the mechanisms behind elevated globulin levels and their impact on patient outcomes.
09
#09
Elevated serum globulin fraction as a biomarker of multiyear disease severity in inflammatory bowel disease.
HumanInfluence1.0
20
This observational study explored the relationship between elevated serum globulin fraction and disease severity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Researchers found that a high globulin fraction was independently associated with increased healthcare utilization and hospitalization rates. The findings suggest that globulin levels may serve as a biomarker for assessing disease severity in IBD patients.
10
#10
Autoimmune hepatitis and liver transplantation: Indications, and recurrent and de novo autoimmune hepatitis.
Unknown
19
This article examined autoimmune hepatitis and its recurrence post-liver transplantation. Researchers found that elevated serum globulin levels are characteristic of autoimmune hepatitis. The study underscores the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to prevent graft loss in affected patients.
Clinical Trials (3)
3
Total Trials
124
Total Enrolled
Immunoglobulin for Hypogammaglobulinemia Due to Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy
NCT06989541RECRUITING
Sponsor
University of Alberta
Enrollment
30
Started
2025
Primary outcome
Time normalized rate of infections grade 3 or greater
Hypogammaglobulinemia, Acquired
The Effect and Safety Profile of Thymoglobulin® in Primary Cardiac Transplant Recipients
Sponsor
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Enrollment
60
Started
2018
Primary outcome
Percentage of Participants With Composite Efficacy Failure at 12 Months
Heart Transplantation
Rituximab in Progressive Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Nephropathy
Sponsor
Mayo Clinic
Enrollment
34
Started
2009
Primary outcome
Change in Proteinuria at 12 Months
IgA Nephropathy
Publication Trend
Research publications about Globulin over time
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