Lever
Lifestyle
- Regular exercise
- Adequate hydration
- Stress management
Blutwerte · Marker
Globulin
Serum Globulin · Gesamtglobulin
Leberwerte
- Einheit:
- g/L
Globulin measures the concentration of a group of proteins in the blood that are involved in immune function and other biological processes.
Reference Ranges
Reference
20–35g/L
20
35
LowNormalHigh
Reference
Unit · g/LReference ranges may vary slightly between laboratories. No significant sex-specific differences.
Overview
Übersicht
Globulin is a group of proteins in the blood, produced primarily by the liver, that play a critical role in immune function, blood clotting, and other essential biological processes. It is measured as part of the total protein in blood tests, with albumin being the other major component. Researchers have found that globulin levels can reflect liver function, immune status, and nutritional state. Clinically, abnormal globulin levels may indicate liver disease, kidney disease, or immune disorders. Elevated globulin levels can be associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, infections, or multiple myeloma, while low levels may suggest liver dysfunction or nephrotic syndrome. For athletes and biohackers, maintaining optimal globulin levels is crucial for immune resilience and overall health. However, globulin levels can be influenced by various factors such as hydration status, acute illness, and medication use. Researchers observed that fasting status and time of day generally do not significantly affect globulin measurements, making it a stable marker for routine health assessments.
Klinische Bedeutung
Elevated globulin levels may indicate chronic inflammation, infections, or hematological disorders like multiple myeloma. Reduced levels can suggest liver dysfunction, nephrotic syndrome, or protein-losing enteropathy.
Dynamics
Trend Interpretation
Rising Values
Progressively rising globulin levels may suggest worsening chronic inflammation or liver disease. Re-test in 4 weeks if outside the optimal range.
Falling Values
Progressively falling globulin levels may indicate improving inflammation or potential liver or kidney issues.
Re-test Interval
4 weeks if outside optimal range
Etiology
Causes — High & Low
Cause
Elevated Levels
- Chronic inflammation
- Infections
- Multiple myeloma
- Autoimmune diseases
- Liver disease
Cause
Low Levels
- Liver dysfunction
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Protein-losing enteropathy
- Malnutrition
- Acute illness
Protocol
How to Optimize
Lever
Nutrition
- Balanced diet rich in protein
- Adequate caloric intake
- Avoidance of excessive alcohol
Lever
Supplementation
- Omega-3 supplements
- Probiotics
Note:
Consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice, especially if underlying conditions are suspected.
Testing Guidelines
✓Fasting Not Required
✓Not Time-Sensitive
Testing Frequency
Annually for routine health checks, more frequently if monitoring a specific condition.
Interfering Factors
- Severe dehydration
- Recent infections
- Certain medications
Related Peptides & Hormones
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
hormone or peptideCorrelated with
Open Research Questions
Current research suggests that reference ranges for sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) may vary significantly across populations, and optimal targets for therapeutic interventions in conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remain debated. Researchers have not yet established the precise confounders affecting SHBG levels, such as genetic variants and lifestyle factors. Additionally, unanswered clinical questions include the long-term efficacy of SHBG-raising therapies in preventing type 2 diabetes and the role of SHBG in various metabolic disorders.
25 Research Publications
726
Total Citations
14
Human/RCT
4.0
Avg. Influence
2026
Latest
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Filter
01Top
#01
Diagnosing tuberculous pericarditis.
HumanInfluence12.0
174
This study examined diagnostic efficiency for tuberculous pericarditis and found that elevated serum globulin levels (>40 g/l) were independently predictive of the disease. A diagnostic model incorporating various clinical and laboratory features achieved high sensitivity and specificity for identifying tuberculous pericarditis. Researchers highlight the importance of basic clinical and laboratory features in aiding diagnosis.
02Top
#02
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) as an Early Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
ReviewInfluence2.0
171
Researchers found that sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels are negatively correlated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Low SHBG levels may contribute to the progression of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by increasing androgen bioavailability. The study suggests that SHBG could serve as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for managing PCOS.
03Top
#03
The biomarker sex hormone-binding globulin - from established applications to emerging trends in clinical medicine.
ReviewInfluence5.0
99
Researchers reviewed the clinical applications of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) as a biomarker. They highlighted its role in various conditions, including hormonal disorders and cancers, and discussed how SHBG levels can be influenced by metabolic factors. This study emphasizes the potential of SHBG as a surrogate marker in clinical practice.
04
#04
Corticosteroid-binding globulin: the clinical significance of altered levels and heritable mutations.
HumanInfluence8.0
84
Researchers explored the clinical significance of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) levels and identified genetic variants affecting CBG function. The study noted associations between altered CBG levels and conditions like hypertension and metabolic syndrome, although the nature of these associations remains uncertain. Further research is needed to clarify CBG's role in health and disease.
05
#05
Sex hormone-binding globulin: biomarker and hepatokine?
Human
63
Researchers observed that genetic variants affecting serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels are linked to metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The study suggests a causal role for SHBG as a hepatokine in women, indicating potential for SHBG-raising therapies to prevent or treat these disorders. This highlights the importance of SHBG in metabolic health.
06
#06
Current screening approaches for antibody deficiency.
Review
21
Researchers discussed the challenges in diagnosing primary antibody deficiency (PAD) and highlighted the potential of using calculated globulin levels as a screening tool. The study emphasizes the need for integrated approaches combining clinical data and laboratory results to reduce diagnostic delays in patients with suspected PAD. This could improve early detection and management.
07
#07
Association of serum globulin with all-cause mortality in incident hemodialysis patients.
Retrospective cohortInfluence2.0
21
Researchers observed that higher serum globulin levels (>3.8 g/dL) are associated with increased all-cause and infection-related mortality in hemodialysis patients. The study emphasizes the need to further investigate the mechanisms behind elevated globulin levels and their impact on patient outcomes.
08
#08
Elevated serum globulin fraction as a biomarker of multiyear disease severity in inflammatory bowel disease.
HumanInfluence1.0
20
Researchers studied the significance of elevated serum globulin fraction in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients over four years. They found that a high globulin fraction is associated with greater disease severity and increased healthcare utilization. This study suggests globulin fraction may serve as a biomarker for disease trajectory in IBD.
09
#09
Autoimmune hepatitis and liver transplantation: Indications, and recurrent and de novo autoimmune hepatitis.
Human
19
This study examined autoimmune hepatitis, characterized by elevated serum globulin levels and the presence of autoantibodies. Researchers found that recurrence of autoimmune hepatitis post-liver transplantation is common, affecting 36%-68% of recipients. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent graft loss and improve patient outcomes.
10
#10
Postpartum Rh immunoprophylaxis.
HumanInfluence1.0
18
This study focused on the variability in postpartum Rh immune globulin dosing based on laboratory estimations of fetal red blood cells. Researchers noted that current methods, including the acid-elution assay, are subjective and imprecise, suggesting a need for more accurate techniques like flow cytometry. The study emphasizes the importance of accurate dosing to prevent underdosing in RhD-negative mothers.
Publication Trend
Research publications about Globulin over time
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