Lifestyle
- Regular monitoring of blood pressure
- Hydration management
- Avoiding excessive use of potassium supplements
Seek immediate emergency care if potassium < 2.5 mmol/L or > 6.5 mmol/L.
Potassium · K · Serum Potassium
The test quantifies the concentration of potassium ions (K+) in the blood serum.
Ranges may vary slightly based on laboratory standards.
Potassium (K+) is a crucial electrolyte predominantly found in intracellular fluids, playing a vital role in maintaining cellular function, nerve signal transmission, and muscle contraction. It is an essential component in the regulation of the body's acid-base balance and osmotic pressure. Clinically, serum potassium levels are critical indicators of electrolyte balance and are used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as hyperkalemia and hypokalemia, which can have significant cardiovascular and neuromuscular implications. Researchers have found that potassium levels are particularly important in managing conditions like hypertension and heart failure, where they influence cardiac function and vascular tone. In the context of athletic performance and biohacking, maintaining optimal potassium levels is crucial for muscle function, endurance, and recovery. Adequate potassium intake has been associated with improved muscle strength and reduced risk of cramps, making it a focus for athletes and those seeking longevity benefits. However, researchers observed that factors such as sample contamination with kEDTA can lead to spurious hyperkalemia, necessitating careful sample handling and analysis. Time of day and fasting status generally do not significantly affect potassium levels, but acute changes in hydration status or recent intense exercise can interfere with measurements.
Klinische Bedeutung
Elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia) can indicate kidney dysfunction, adrenal insufficiency, or excessive potassium intake, while low levels (hypokalemia) may suggest diuretic use, gastrointestinal losses, or inadequate dietary intake.
Progressively rising potassium levels suggest potential kidney dysfunction or medication effects. Re-test within 2 weeks if levels are outside the optimal range.
Progressively falling levels may indicate diuretic use or gastrointestinal losses.
Rapid Change Alert
> 0.5 mmol/L per week warrants immediate investigation
Re-test Interval
4 weeks if outside optimal range
Note:
Consult a healthcare provider before making significant changes to potassium intake, especially if on medication.
Potassium levels can vary throughout the day; morning measurements are preferred.
Testing Frequency
Annually for healthy adults, more frequently if on potassium-altering medications.
May affect
Current research suggests that reference ranges for potassium levels in neonates are not well-defined, leading to potential over-treatment due to misinterpretation of physiological values. Researchers have not yet established optimal targets for potassium regulation in various populations, particularly in premature infants. Additionally, clinical questions remain unanswered regarding the long-term implications of mitochondrial potassium channel regulation on cardiovascular health and the specific roles of K(2P) channels in arrhythmogenesis.
824
Total Citations
8
Human/RCT
2.2
Avg. Influence
2025
Latest
This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) in treating hyperkalemia in outpatients. Researchers found that SZC significantly reduced serum potassium levels and increased the number of patients achieving normal potassium levels compared to placebo. The most common side effects reported were mild to moderate constipation and edema.
Researchers examined the assessment of vitamin K status, noting its importance in preventing bleeding and its role in bone metabolism. They highlighted the limitations of current testing methods and suggested a combined approach for better diagnosis.
This study explored the cellular mechanisms of action of cardiac glycosides, focusing on their effect on sodium-potassium pumps. Researchers found that changes in intracellular sodium levels are linked to cardiac contraction strength.
This study focused on putrescine as a potential biomarker for potassium (K+) deficiency in plants. Researchers observed that putrescine levels increase significantly under K+ starvation, suggesting its role in cellular adaptation to nutrient stress. The study highlighted the need for further research to clarify putrescine's specific functions in K+ deficiency.
Researchers reviewed the potential of closed-loop neuromodulation systems that utilize neurochemical monitoring, including potassium levels, to personalize treatment for neurological disorders. They highlighted the importance of selecting appropriate biomarkers for effective neuromodulation.
This study explored the role of potassium in regulating blood flow through endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations. Researchers observed that potassium acts as a local regulator of blood flow and can create 'potassium clouds' that influence vascular responses. The findings have potential implications for understanding vasospastic conditions.
Researchers provided insights into genetic defects affecting red blood cell volume and their relation to potassium transport. They identified specific membrane proteins involved in these disorders, which have implications for diagnosis and treatment.
This review discussed the therapeutic potential of two-pore-domain potassium channels in cardiovascular medicine. Researchers found that these channels play significant roles in heart function and could be targeted for patient-specific therapies.
Bonilla-Félix Melvin · Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2017
This study focused on potassium regulation in neonates, emphasizing the importance of maintaining potassium balance for growth. Researchers observed that premature infants are at risk for serious potassium disturbances and require careful monitoring.
Key findings
91
Total Trials
17,702
Total Enrolled
Charite University, Berlin, Germany
60
2026
Study feasability, measured by adequacy and efficiency of recruitment strategies
The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medicial University
50
2026
Change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) Overall Summary Score from Baseline to Week 20
Loma Linda University
30
2026
Progression of kidney cysts by change in total kidney volume (TKV) from baseline to 12 months
Ove Andersen
60
2026
Population-based pharmacokinetic model for fisetin and metabolites
Tanta University
66
2026
Detection of H pylori eradication difference among the three groups through stool antigen test 4 weeks after completion of therapy.
Medipol University
43
2025
Change in Body Weight (kg)
Vifor Pharma, Inc.
36
2025
Change in potassium levels (mmol/L)
National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
120
2025
Basic data
Shanghai Mabgeek Biotech.Co.Ltd
160
2025
Proportions of subjects achieving WI-NRS
University of Reading
16
2025
Pharmacokinetic profile of key coffee biologically active compounds and their metabolites after consuming a coffee drink, a coffee tablet and control.
Auburn University
40
2024
Urine specific gravity
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
6
2024
Change in Total Volumetric Bone Mineral Density (BMD) - Distal Radius
Queen's University
10
2024
Participant Adherence
PETHEMA Foundation
50
2023
To evaluate the rate of Undetectable Measurable Residual Disease (uMRD) at 6 and 12 months as per International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria evaluated by the investigators of elranatamab in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
300
2023
Change in Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (UACR)
University of California, Davis
200
2023
Biomarker-estimated (-)-epicatechin and flavanol intake
University of California, Irvine
120
2023
Dietary adherence to PLAFOND vs. standard-of-care renal diet assessed by diet diaries
Prof. Dr. med. Johannes Stegbauer
45
2023
Effect of a single oral high-sodium chloride load or a partial substitution by potassium chloride on retinal vessel diameter and the flicker-light-induced retinal vessel dilatation.
University of Miami
10
2023
Change in Nutrition Knowledge
Reata, a wholly owned subsidiary of Biogen
209
2023
Change From Baseline in Weekly Average Pain Intensity Assessed by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) at Week 12
TFF Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
14
2023
Effect on renal function
Beijing Kanova Biopharmaceutical Co., LTD
35
2023
Incidence of adverse events (AEs)
Orvida Pharma (formerly Kamari Pharma)
18
2023
Safety endpoint will be assessed through collection and analysis of adverse events.
First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
90
2022
24 hours urinary total protein
Maxima Medical Center
46
2022
Change in FFM (%) in proportion to TBWL
Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure
150
2022
Respiratory symptoms: EXACT
University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Medical School
44
2022
change in systolic 24-h ambulatory BP [whole study group]
University of Jena
120
2022
Triacylglcerides, mmol/l (group A, B)
Kalin Health, LLC
42
2021
Insulin resistance
University of California, San Diego
52
2021
Estimated sodium concentration in skin and muscle
Actelion
9
2021
Change From Baseline to Week 26 in Right Ventricular Stroke Volume (RVSV) Assessed by Pulmonary Artery Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Emory University
47
2020
Rate of extubation (for intubated patients)
GlaxoSmithKline
29
2019
Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) After Administration of AMB Under Fasted Condition
University of Wisconsin, Madison
31
2019
Change in 24 hour urine citrate
Western University, Canada
15
2019
Change from baseline in parent-reported anxious symptoms at 3 weeks follow-up
Universitat Jaume I
50
2019
Change in the biochemical parameters related to kidney injury, dehydration, inflammation, and cardiac damage
Pfizer
12
2019
Renal Clearance (CLr) of Metformin
Francisco Javier Martínez Noguera
40
2018
Maximum power
Pfizer
48
2018
Relative Change From Baseline in Whole Liver Fat at Day 15 as Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Proton Density Fat Fraction (PDFF)
Amgen
46
2018
Change From Baseline in UPCR at Week 12
GlaxoSmithKline
17
2018
Percent Change From Baseline in Blood Eosinophils Over Time
GlaxoSmithKline
2
2018
Part A- Session 1: Peak Standardized Uptake Values (SUV) in Focal Anatomical Regions of the Heart Following 80-200 mg Dose of Anti-SAP mAb
GlaxoSmithKline
54
2018
Part 1: Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious TEAEs (STEAEs)
GlaxoSmithKline
48
2018
Part A: Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
Swisse Wellness Pty Ltd
235
2018
The primary outcome is the change in The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Pain subscale (Numeric Rating Scale)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
1,150
2017
To define the germline and/or somatic genetic events causing Primary Aldosteronism (PA) in Blacks.
Biosplice Therapeutics, Inc.
82
2017
Part 1A, Part 1B: Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of SM08502 based on the frequency and severity of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs)
GlaxoSmithKline
165
2017
Percentage of Participants With Loss of Asthma Control Over Weeks 0-16
AstraZeneca
150
2017
Number of Patients Who Experienced Adverse Events (AEs) in the MP
Barts & The London NHS Trust
160
2017
Total number of patients recruited over a 6 month period
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
60
2017
Change From Baseline J-Tpeakc With "Balanced Ion Channel" Drugs (Ranolazine, Verapamil, Lopinavir / Ritonavir)
GlaxoSmithKline
246
2017
Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Mepolizumab
GlaxoSmithKline
52
2016
Number of Participants With Non-serious Adverse Events (nSAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability
GlaxoSmithKline
2,436
2016
Mean Change From Baseline in Trough Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) at Week 24
Novo Nordisk A/S
251
2016
Change in BMI SDS (Week 0, Week 56)
GlaxoSmithKline
5
2016
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) Signal by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Visual Nauseogenic Task
Novo Nordisk A/S
1,012
2016
Time From Randomisation to Inadequate Glycaemic Control and Need for Treatment Intensification
Vanderbilt University
96
2015
Composite time spent in ideal potassium range
Medical University of Lodz
101
2015
Number of Participants With Contrast Induced-Acute Kidney Injury
Sanofi
369
2015
DB Period: Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score for 28 Joints - Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (DAS28-ESR) Score at Week 24
GlaxoSmithKline
64
2014
Part A: Number of Participants With at Least One Non-serious Adverse Event (AE), Serious Adverse Event (SAE), or Drug-related Adverse Event
GlaxoSmithKline
79
2014
Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Common (>=5%) Non-serious Adverse Events- Part 1
GlaxoSmithKline
30
2014
Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) Related to Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS)
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran
36
2013
Incidence of hypokalemia ≤3.5mEq/L
Laval University
61
2012
Change in abdominal adipose tissue (visceral) as measured by computed tomography (cm2)
GlaxoSmithKline
14
2012
Change From Baseline in Proteinuria Levels at Week 28
GlaxoSmithKline
18
2012
Number of participants experiencing adverse events (AEs)
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
1,130
2012
Self-reported energy intake from automated self-administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24), Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ)-II, and 4-day food record
Wageningen University
40
2012
Change in Endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation comparing (1) high sodium, low potassium intake and (2) low sodium, high potassium intake with low sodium, low potassium intake.
Pfizer
345
2011
Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) at Week 12
GlaxoSmithKline
134
2011
Progression-Free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by the Investigator (INV)
Organon and Co
334
2011
Change in Mean Sitting Diastolic Blood Pressure (MSDBP) at Week 8
Pfizer
12
2011
Twenty-four hour urinary Na/K ratio (AUC(0-24)).
Pfizer
105
2011
Change From Baseline in Endoscopic Score (as Measured by Modified Baron Score) at Week 8
Pfizer
256
2010
Change From Baseline in Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) at Week 12
Bayer
17
2009
Urinary excretion (over 24 hours) of C-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX)
Bayer
262
2009
6 Minutes Walking Distance (6MWD) - Change From Baseline to Week 16
Abbott
206
2008
Percentage of Participants Responding (Plasma HIV-1 Ribonucleic Acid [RNA] Levels Less Than 40 Copies/Milliliter [mL]) at Week 48 Based on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) Algorithm
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
53
2007
HIV-1 RNA Level
GlaxoSmithKline
104
2007
Number of participants with adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs)
GlaxoSmithKline
30
2007
Change from Randomization at Week 6 in Bech subscale (6-item of 17-item Hamilton depression rating [HAMD-17] scale) score
Centocor Research & Development, Inc.
49
2007
Number of participants with adverse events
Bristol-Myers Squibb
56
2007
Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) and Plasma Concentration 24 Hours Post-dose (Cmin) of EFV at Week 2 - Pharmacokinetic Evaluable Population
Bristol-Myers Squibb
173
2007
Mean Change From Baseline in Calculated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) With Imputed Values to 12 Months Post Randomization - All Randomized Participants (Intent-to-Treat Population)
Tufts Medical Center
911
2006
Progression of Acute Coronary Syndrome to Myocardial Infarction
GlaxoSmithKline
1,468
2006
Change From Baseline in Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) Total Score at Week 48, as a Function of APOE ε4 Status in APOE4 Negatives Cohort
GlaxoSmithKline
265
2005
Mean Change From Baseline in Liver Biopsy Immunohistochemical Marker of Hepatic Stellate Cell (HSC) Activation and Collagen Synthesis at Week 52
R-Pharm
19
2005
Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
Bristol-Myers Squibb
1,286
2005
Short-term Period: Number of Participants With Death, Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), Related SAEs, SAEs Leading to Discontinuations, AEs, Related AEs, or AEs Leading to Discontinuations
Hoffmann-La Roche
385
2004
Change From Baseline in Viral Load (log10 Reduction) at Week 12
Heart Care Foundation
500
2002
Changes in echocardiographic left ventricular diastolic volume
Research publications about Kalium over time
9totalLog lab results, track trends and optimize your biomarkers over time.
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