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Blutwerte · Marker

Monozyten

Monocytes

BlutbildZeitabhängig
Einheit:
x10^9/L
Abbreviation
MONO

Monocyte count measures the number of monocytes present in the blood, reflecting the body's immune response and inflammatory status.

Reference Ranges

Reference
0.2–0.8x10^9/L
0.2
0.8
LowNormalHigh
Reference
Unit · x10^9/L

Reference ranges can vary slightly based on laboratory standards and population demographics.

Overview

Übersicht

Monocytes, abbreviated as MONO, are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. They are part of the body's first line of defense and are involved in the recognition and response to pathogens, as well as in the regulation of inflammation. Monocytes circulate in the bloodstream and can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells upon migrating into tissues, where they perform phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Clinically, monocytes are significant in diagnosing and monitoring various inflammatory and infectious diseases. Elevated monocyte levels can indicate chronic inflammation, infections, or hematological disorders, while low levels may suggest bone marrow suppression or certain autoimmune conditions. In the context of athletic performance and biohacking, monocyte levels can reflect the body's inflammatory status, which is crucial for recovery and overall health. However, interpreting monocyte levels requires consideration of various factors, such as time of day, recent physical activity, and underlying health conditions. Researchers have observed that monocyte counts can vary based on circadian rhythms and may be influenced by acute stressors or infections. Therefore, it is essential to consider these variables when assessing monocyte levels to avoid misinterpretation.

Klinische Bedeutung

Elevated monocyte levels may indicate chronic inflammation, infections, or hematological disorders. Reduced levels can suggest bone marrow suppression or certain autoimmune conditions.

Dynamics

Trend Interpretation

Rising Values

Progressively rising monocyte levels may suggest worsening inflammation or infection; re-test in 4 weeks if outside optimal range.

Falling Values

Falling monocyte levels could indicate resolution of inflammation or effective treatment response.

Re-test Interval

4 weeks if outside optimal range

Etiology

Causes — High & Low

Cause

Elevated Levels

  • chronic inflammation
  • infections
  • stress response
  • autoimmune disorders
  • hematological malignancies
Cause

Low Levels

  • bone marrow suppression
  • autoimmune conditions
  • certain medications
  • acute infections
Protocol

How to Optimize

Lever

Lifestyle

  • regular exercise
  • adequate sleep
  • stress management
Lever

Nutrition

  • anti-inflammatory diet
  • adequate hydration
Lever

Supplementation

  • Omega-3 supplements
  • Vitamin D
  • Curcumin

Note:

Consult a healthcare provider before making significant lifestyle or dietary changes, especially if underlying health conditions are present.

Testing Guidelines

✓Fasting Not Required
🕐Time-Sensitive

Monocyte levels may vary with circadian rhythms; consistent timing for tests is recommended.

Testing Frequency

Annually for healthy adults, more frequently if monitoring a specific condition.

Interfering Factors

  • recent intense exercise
  • acute infections
  • stress

Open Research Questions

Current research suggests that the optimal reference ranges and functional phenotypes of monocyte subsets, particularly in relation to chronic inflammation and disease states, remain poorly defined. Researchers have not yet established the precise confounders affecting monocyte behavior in various conditions, such as atherosclerosis and cancer. Additionally, clinical questions regarding the predictive value of specific monocyte subsets for disease progression and treatment response remain unanswered.

51 Research Publications

1,654

Total Citations

25

Human/RCT

3.6

Avg. Influence

2026

Latest

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#01

Monocyte Subsets: Phenotypes and Function in Tuberculosis Infection.

ReviewInfluence14.0
222
This review focused on the role of monocyte subsets in tuberculosis infection. Researchers highlighted differences in the frequency and function of monocyte subsets, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for disease persistence and response to infection.
View on PubMed
#02

Clinical significance of monocyte heterogeneity.

ReviewInfluence4.0
177
This review discussed the heterogeneity of human monocytes and their role in disease. Researchers found that monocytes can be classified into classical, non-classical, and intermediate subpopulations, which may serve as biomarkers for various diseases. Understanding these subpopulations is crucial for elucidating monocyte function in health and disease.
View on PubMed
#03

Calprotectin in rheumatic diseases.

ReviewInfluence8.0
161
This review focused on calprotectin, a biomarker produced by activated monocytes and neutrophils, in rheumatic diseases. Researchers noted its potential in monitoring disease activity and response to treatment, emphasizing its role as a candidate biomarker.
View on PubMed
#04

The CD14+HLA-DRlo/neg Monocyte: An Immunosuppressive Phenotype That Restrains Responses to Cancer Immunotherapy.

ReviewInfluence4.0
152
This study explored the role of immunosuppressive CD14+HLA-DRlo/neg monocytes in cancer therapy responses. Researchers observed that these monocytes contribute to immune suppression and negatively affect the efficacy of various immunotherapies, indicating their potential as biomarkers for treatment outcomes.
View on PubMed
#05

Single cell RNA sequencing identifies an early monocyte gene signature in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

HumanInfluence2.0
91
This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify gene signatures in monocytes from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Researchers found a proinflammatory gene expression profile in ARDS monocytes compared to those without ARDS. They identified 29 genes that could serve as potential biomarkers for ARDS risk.
View on PubMed
#06

HCMV reprogramming of infected monocyte survival and differentiation: a Goldilocks phenomenon.

ReviewInfluence3.0
83
This study examined how human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) alters monocyte biology to enhance viral spread. Researchers found that HCMV can induce monocyte survival and differentiation into macrophages, which support viral replication, highlighting a unique mechanism of viral persistence.
View on PubMed
#07

A brief look at the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2) in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.

ReviewInfluence3.0
81
This study examined the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2) in psoriasis. Researchers found that CCL2 facilitates monocyte migration to inflamed skin, indicating its potential as a biomarker for monitoring psoriasis progression and guiding treatment strategies.
View on PubMed
#08

Breast cancer induces systemic immune changes on cytokine signaling in peripheral blood monocytes and lymphocytes.

HumanInfluence5.0
80
Researchers observed systemic immune changes in breast cancer patients, specifically dysregulated cytokine signaling in peripheral blood monocytes. This dysregulation was linked to the risk of future relapse, indicating the importance of monocyte signaling as a potential biomarker for monitoring cancer progression.
View on PubMed
#09

Heterogeneity of Bovine Peripheral Blood Monocytes.

ReviewInfluence6.0
66
Researchers reviewed the heterogeneity of bovine peripheral blood monocytes and compared them to human monocytes. They found significant functional differences between species, suggesting that bovine monocyte subsets may serve as biomarkers for inflammatory responses in veterinary medicine.
View on PubMed
#10

Trained innate immunity and atherosclerosis.

ReviewInfluence1.0
61
Researchers found that monocytes/macrophages are crucial in the development of atherosclerosis, with a concept called 'trained immunity' influencing their activation. The study highlights that prior stimulation can enhance monocyte responses, suggesting that epigenetic reprogramming may be a target for future therapies against atherosclerosis.
View on PubMed

Publication Trend

Research publications about Monozyten over time

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