PSA

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by both normal and malignant cells of the prostate gland. It is measured in the blood to help detect prostate cancer, assess its progression, and monitor treatment efficacy. PSA testing is a cornerstone in prostate cancer screening, although its use is debated due to concerns about overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Researchers observed that PSA levels can be influenced by various factors, including benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis, leading to false positives. Advances in PSA derivatives, such as free PSA percentage and the Prostate Health Index, aim to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce unnecessary biopsies. In the context of athletic performance, biohacking, or longevity, PSA is not directly related to these areas but may be of interest to those monitoring overall health and cancer risk. However, it is important to note that PSA levels can be affected by factors such as recent ejaculation, prostate manipulation, and certain medications. Researchers found that time-of-day variations are minimal, but it is recommended to standardize testing conditions to ensure comparability. Fasting is not required for PSA testing, but patients should be aware of potential confounders that may skew results. Overall, PSA remains a valuable tool in prostate cancer management, with ongoing research into complementary biomarkers to enhance its clinical utility.