Lever
Lifestyle
- Regular weight-bearing exercise
- Adequate sunlight exposure
- Stress management techniques
Blutwerte · Marker
PTH
Parathormon · Parathyroid Hormone · iPTH
Knochen & MineralogieZeitabhängig
- Einheit:
- pmol/L
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) quantifies the concentration of the hormone responsible for regulating calcium and phosphate balance in the body.
Reference Ranges
Reference
1.6–6.9pmol/L
1.6
6.9
LowNormalHigh
Reference
Unit · pmol/LReference ranges may vary based on assay methods and population demographics.
Overview
Übersicht
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also known as parathormon or parathyroid hormone, is a critical regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism in the body. It is secreted by the parathyroid glands and plays a vital role in maintaining calcium homeostasis by acting on bones, kidneys, and the gut. PTH increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity in bones, enhancing renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and promoting the activation of vitamin D, which increases intestinal calcium absorption. Clinically, PTH is significant in diagnosing and managing disorders related to calcium imbalance. Elevated PTH levels can indicate conditions such as primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease, or tertiary hyperparathyroidism post-renal transplantation. Conversely, low PTH levels are often associated with hypoparathyroidism, commonly following neck surgery. For athletes and biohackers, maintaining optimal PTH levels is crucial for bone health and metabolic balance, potentially impacting performance and recovery. However, researchers have found that PTH levels can be influenced by factors such as vitamin D status, renal function, and calcium intake. Confounders in PTH measurement include the time of day, as PTH exhibits diurnal variation, and fasting status, which can affect calcium levels. Additionally, the oxidation state of PTH can alter its biological activity, complicating interpretation. Thus, careful consideration of these factors is essential when evaluating PTH levels.
Klinische Bedeutung
Elevated PTH levels may indicate hyperparathyroidism or chronic kidney disease, while low levels suggest hypoparathyroidism. Both conditions can lead to significant metabolic and bone health issues.
Dynamics
Trend Interpretation
Rising Values
Progressively rising PTH values may indicate worsening hyperparathyroidism or renal dysfunction. Re-test in 4-6 weeks if values are outside the optimal range.
Falling Values
Progressively falling PTH values could suggest effective treatment of hyperparathyroidism or improved renal function.
Re-test Interval
4 weeks if outside optimal range
Etiology
Causes — High & Low
Cause
Elevated Levels
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Chronic kidney disease
- Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Lithium therapy
Cause
Low Levels
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Post-surgical parathyroid damage
- Magnesium deficiency
- Autoimmune destruction
- Genetic disorders affecting PTH secretion
Protocol
How to Optimize
Lever
Nutrition
- Calcium-rich foods
- Adequate vitamin D intake
- Magnesium-rich foods
Lever
Supplementation
- Vitamin D supplements
- Calcium supplements
- Magnesium supplements
Note:
Consult a healthcare provider before starting any supplementation, especially if you have underlying health conditions.
Testing Guidelines
✓Fasting Not Required
🕐Time-Sensitive
PTH levels can vary throughout the day; testing is often done in the morning for consistency.
Testing Frequency
Annually for those with risk factors or symptoms of calcium imbalance.
Interfering Factors
- Recent calcium supplementation
- Vitamin D status
- Renal function
Related Peptides & Hormones
Vitamin D
hormone or peptideCorrelated with
Open Research Questions
Current research suggests that reference intervals for parathyroid hormone (PTH) may be inaccurate due to the exclusion of individuals with vitamin D deficiency, and the clinical significance of measuring oxidized versus non-oxidized PTH remains unclear. Researchers have not yet established optimal targets for PTH replacement therapy in hypoparathyroidism, and clinical questions regarding the long-term effects of emerging therapies on calcium homeostasis and patient quality of life remain unanswered.
21 Research Publications
338
Total Citations
2
Human/RCT
2.2
Avg. Influence
2025
Latest
Sort
Filter
01Top
#01
Investigation of hypercalcemia.
Endres David B · Clinical biochemistry · 2012
ReviewInfluence5.0
90
This study investigated the causes of hypercalcemia, identifying primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy as common factors. Researchers emphasized the importance of accurate laboratory measurements, including PTH levels, to improve diagnosis and management of hypercalcemia.
Key findings
- 01Researchers found that primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy are the most frequent causes of hypercalcemia.
- 02They observed that accurate measurement of ionized calcium is crucial for diagnosing hypercalcemia.
- 03The study highlighted the need for improved reference intervals for parathyroid hormone testing.
02Top
#02
Management of Hypoparathyroidism.
ReviewInfluence3.0
44
This study examined hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT), a condition marked by low PTH levels and hypocalcemia, often following neck surgery. Researchers found that while conventional therapy is the first-line treatment, PTH replacement therapy may improve outcomes in patients with unsatisfactory responses to conventional methods.
03Top
#03
Post-renal transplantation hypophosphatemia.
ReviewInfluence2.0
35
This study explored post-renal transplantation hypophosphatemia and its relationship with parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Researchers noted ongoing renal phosphorus wasting and its potential role in bone disease development, highlighting the need for further investigation.
04
#04
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism: a review.
ReviewInfluence1.0
35
This study reviewed tertiary hyperparathyroidism (HPT III), which occurs due to excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion following chronic kidney disease. Researchers found that surgical intervention is the primary treatment for persistent hypercalcemia and increased PTH levels, although the optimal surgical approach remains controversial.
05
#05
Problems with the PTH assays.
Cavalier Etienne, et al. · Annales d'endocrinologie · 2015
Review
31
This study addressed ongoing issues with PTH assays, noting the presence of active PTH and its fragments in circulation. Researchers highlighted the need for standardization and better reference ranges to improve the reliability of PTH measurements in clinical settings.
Key findings
- 01Researchers observed that PTH is often measured inaccurately due to the presence of fragments that some tests cannot detect.
- 02They found that there is a lack of standardization among PTH assays, leading to varying results.
- 03Researchers noted significant variability in PTH levels within the same individual over time.
06
#06
Oxidation of parathyroid hormone.
Review
22
This study focused on the oxidation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and its impact on biological activity. Researchers found that oxidized PTH has reduced ability to activate its receptor, and a new method to measure non-oxidized PTH could enhance understanding of its physiological roles.
07
#07
Inactivating PTH/PTHrP Signaling Disorders.
ReviewInfluence1.0
21
This study reviewed inactivating PTH/PTHrP signaling disorders, which are characterized by hormone resistance and associated physical findings. Researchers noted that these disorders arise from genetic mutations affecting the signaling pathway, leading to elevated PTH levels and related abnormalities.
08
#08
Determination of parathyroid hormone: from radioimmunoassay to LCMS/MS.
Review
12
Researchers reviewed advancements in PTH measurement techniques, noting the challenges posed by various PTH forms in circulation. They highlighted the development of mass spectrometry methods aimed at standardizing PTH assays, which could enhance the accuracy of clinical interpretations.
09
#09
Progression of PTH Resistance in Autosomal Dominant Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type Ib Due to Maternal STX16 Deletions.
Case Report
11
Researchers investigated the timing of PTH and calcium abnormalities in children with maternally inherited STX16 deletions, which are linked to pseudohypoparathyroidism. They found that elevated PTH levels could be detected by age two, while calcium levels remained normal until around age five, indicating early onset of PTH resistance.
10
#10
Pathophysiology and therapies of CKD-associated secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Review
9
This study reviewed the pathophysiology of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP) associated with chronic kidney disease. Researchers identified multiple factors, including phosphate and hormonal dysregulations, that contribute to increased PTH secretion and emphasized the need for precise therapeutic strategies.
Publication Trend
Research publications about PTH over time
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