Lever
Lifestyle
- Regular weight-bearing exercise
- Adequate sun exposure for vitamin D synthesis
- Stress management techniques
Blutwerte · Marker
PTH
Parathormon · Parathyroid Hormone · iPTH
Knochen & MineralogieNüchtern erforderlichZeitabhängig
- Einheit:
- pmol/L
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) quantifies the concentration of the hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands, which regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
Reference Ranges
Reference
1.6–6.9pmol/L
1.6
6.9
LowNormalHigh
Reference
Unit · pmol/LReference ranges may vary based on assay methods and population. Fasting and time of day can affect levels.
Overview
Übersicht
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also known as parathormon or iPTH, is a critical regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism in the body. It is secreted by the parathyroid glands and acts primarily on the bones, kidneys, and intestines to maintain serum calcium levels within a narrow range. PTH increases calcium release from bones, enhances renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and stimulates the production of active vitamin D, which in turn increases intestinal absorption of calcium. Clinically, PTH is a vital marker for diagnosing and managing disorders of calcium metabolism such as hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism. Elevated PTH levels are commonly associated with primary hyperparathyroidism, chronic kidney disease, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, while low levels are indicative of hypoparathyroidism. In the context of athletic performance and biohacking, maintaining optimal PTH levels is crucial for bone health and metabolic balance. Researchers have found that PTH levels can be influenced by factors such as vitamin D status, dietary calcium intake, and physical activity, which are of interest to those aiming to optimize bone density and overall metabolic health. However, interpreting PTH levels can be complex due to confounding factors such as time of day, fasting status, and the presence of oxidized versus non-oxidized PTH forms. Researchers observed that PTH levels can fluctuate diurnally and are affected by recent dietary intake, necessitating standardized testing conditions for accurate assessment.
Klinische Bedeutung
Elevated PTH levels can indicate hyperparathyroidism, chronic kidney disease, or vitamin D deficiency, while low levels suggest hypoparathyroidism or magnesium deficiency. Accurate PTH measurement is crucial for diagnosing and managing these conditions.
Dynamics
Trend Interpretation
Rising Values
Progressively rising PTH levels suggest worsening hyperparathyroidism or renal function. Re-test every 4 weeks if outside optimal range.
Falling Values
Progressively falling PTH levels may indicate improvement in underlying conditions or overtreatment.
Re-test Interval
4 weeks if outside optimal range
Etiology
Causes — High & Low
Cause
Elevated Levels
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Chronic kidney disease
- Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Lithium therapy
Cause
Low Levels
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Magnesium deficiency
- Autoimmune destruction of parathyroid glands
- Post-surgical removal of parathyroid glands
- Genetic disorders affecting PTH production
Protocol
How to Optimize
Lever
Nutrition
- Ensure sufficient dietary calcium intake
- Consume foods rich in vitamin D
- Limit phosphorus-rich foods if elevated PTH
Lever
Supplementation
- Vitamin D supplements
- Calcium supplements if dietary intake is insufficient
Note:
Consult a healthcare provider before starting any supplementation, especially if you have underlying health conditions.
Testing Guidelines
🍽️Fasting Required
🕐Time-Sensitive
PTH levels can vary diurnally; morning measurements are recommended for consistency.
Testing Frequency
Annually for those with risk factors or diagnosed conditions; more frequently if levels are abnormal.
Interfering Factors
- Recent calcium or vitamin D supplementation
- Renal function status
- Assay variability
Related Peptides & Hormones
Vitamin D
hormoneCorrelated with
Open Research Questions
Current research suggests that accurate reference intervals for parathyroid hormone (PTH) are still debated, particularly regarding the exclusion of individuals who are vitamin D deficient. Researchers have not yet established the clinical implications of measuring non-oxidized PTH (n-oxPTH) versus oxidized PTH, which may enhance understanding of PTH's role in various pathologies. Additionally, unanswered clinical questions remain about the optimal targets for PTH levels in managing conditions like hypoparathyroidism and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
22 Research Publications
345
Total Citations
2
Human/RCT
2.2
Avg. Influence
2025
Latest
Sort
Filter
01Top
#01
Investigation of hypercalcemia.
Endres David B · Clinical biochemistry · 2012
ReviewInfluence5.0
91
This study investigated hypercalcemia, a condition often linked to primary hyperparathyroidism and chronic renal failure. Researchers highlighted the importance of accurate laboratory testing, including PTH measurement, to improve diagnosis. They suggested enhancing the availability of ionized calcium tests and refining reference intervals for PTH.
Key findings
- 01Researchers found that primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy are the most frequent causes of hypercalcemia.
- 02They observed that accurate measurement of ionized calcium is crucial for diagnosing hypercalcemia.
- 03The study highlighted the need for improved reference intervals for parathyroid hormone testing.
02Top
#02
Management of Hypoparathyroidism.
ReviewInfluence3.0
46
This study examined hypoparathyroidism, a rare disorder marked by low PTH levels leading to hypocalcemia. Researchers found that conventional therapies often lead to fluctuations in serum calcium, and PTH replacement therapy may improve outcomes for patients not responding to standard treatment. Emerging therapies are being developed to enhance drug efficacy and safety.
03Top
#03
Post-renal transplantation hypophosphatemia.
ReviewInfluence2.0
35
This study explored post-renal transplantation hypophosphatemia and its relationship with parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Researchers found that persistent renal phosphorus wasting may contribute to bone disease in transplant patients, highlighting the need for further investigation into PTH's role in this context.
04
#04
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism: a review.
ReviewInfluence1.0
35
This study reviewed tertiary hyperparathyroidism, a condition characterized by excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion following chronic kidney disease. Researchers found that even after renal transplantation, the enlarged parathyroid tissue may continue to secrete PTH excessively. Surgical intervention is often required for persistent hypercalcemia and elevated PTH levels.
05
#05
Problems with the PTH assays.
Cavalier Etienne, et al. · Annales d'endocrinologie · 2015
Review
31
This study addressed ongoing challenges in the determination of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Researchers noted issues such as the presence of PTH fragments and the lack of standardization in assays, which can lead to inconsistent results. Efforts are underway to resolve these problems through collaborative work.
Key findings
- 01Researchers observed that PTH is often measured inaccurately due to the presence of fragments that some tests cannot detect.
- 02They found that there is a lack of standardization among PTH assays, leading to varying results.
- 03Researchers noted significant variability in PTH levels within the same individual over time.
06
#06
Oxidation of parathyroid hormone.
Review
22
Researchers reviewed the oxidation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and its impact on calcium regulation. They found that oxidized PTH has reduced biological activity, which could affect its diagnostic and prognostic value. A new method to distinguish between oxidized and non-oxidized PTH has been developed, opening avenues for further research.
07
#07
Inactivating PTH/PTHrP Signaling Disorders.
ReviewInfluence1.0
21
This study focused on disorders related to inactivating PTH signaling, such as pseudohypoparathyroidism. Researchers found that these conditions are characterized by hormone resistance and specific physical features, linked to genetic mutations affecting the PTH signaling pathway. A new classification system was proposed to better define these disorders.
08
#08
Determination of parathyroid hormone: from radioimmunoassay to LCMS/MS.
Review
12
Researchers reviewed advancements in PTH measurement techniques, noting the challenges posed by various PTH forms in circulation. They highlighted the development of mass spectrometry methods aimed at standardizing PTH assays, which could enhance the accuracy of clinical interpretations.
09
#09
Progression of PTH Resistance in Autosomal Dominant Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type Ib Due to Maternal STX16 Deletions.
Case Report
11
Researchers investigated the timing of PTH and calcium abnormalities in children with maternally inherited STX16 deletions, which are linked to pseudohypoparathyroidism. They found that elevated PTH levels could be detected by age two, while calcium levels remained normal until around age five, indicating early onset of PTH resistance.
10
#10
PTH assays in dialysis patients: Practical considerations.
ReviewInfluence1.0
10
This study highlighted the complexities of PTH assays in dialysis patients. Researchers found significant variability in assay results and emphasized the importance of monitoring trends in PTH levels rather than relying solely on absolute values. The study recommends using multiples of the upper limit of normal for better assessment.
Clinical Trials (3)
3
Total Trials
134
Total Enrolled
A Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of TransCon PTH in Adults With Hypoparathyroidism
Sponsor
Ascendis Pharma A/S
Enrollment
59
Started
2019
Primary outcome
Efficacy - Primary Endpoint During the Blinded Period
HypoparathyroidismEndocrine System DiseasesParathyroid Diseases
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Forsteo (Teriparatide, 1-34-rh-PTH) in Anorexia Nervosa Patients With Low Bone Mineral Density and Increased Bone Fagility (FAN-Trial)
Sponsor
University of Zurich
Enrollment
10
Started
2014
Primary outcome
To assess the efficacy of Teriparatide (Forsteo®) in increasing the bone mineral density in the lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck in patients with anorexia nervosa and low bone density at months 12 and 24.
Low Bone Mass in Anorexia Nervosa Patients
A Pilot Clinical Study Evaluating the Effect of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Lowering On Erythropoietin Consumption in Calcitriol-Resistant Patients
Sponsor
AbbVie (prior sponsor, Abbott)
Enrollment
65
Started
2012
Primary outcome
Mean Erythropoietin Dose Per Visit
Moderate to Severe Secondary HyperparathyroidismStage 5 Chronic Kidney Diseases
Publication Trend
Research publications about PTH over time
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