Lever
Lifestyle
- Regular exercise
- Avoid smoking
- Manage stress
Blutwerte · Marker
Vitamin E
Alpha-Tocopherol · Tocopherol · Vitamin E
Vitamine & Nährstoffe
- Einheit:
- µmol/L
- Abbreviation
- a-Tocopherol
Vitamin E test quantifies the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in the blood.
Reference Ranges
Reference
11.6–46.4µmol/L
11.6
20
30
46.4
LowNormalHigh
Reference
Optimal
Unit · µmol/LReference ranges may vary slightly based on laboratory standards.
Overview
Übersicht
Vitamin E, also known as alpha-tocopherol, is a fat-soluble antioxidant that plays a crucial role in protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage by scavenging lipid peroxides and free radicals. It is an essential nutrient for vertebrates, with deficiency states leading to various health issues such as diminished reproductive capabilities and muscular dystrophy. Clinically, vitamin E is significant for its antioxidant properties, which have been linked to the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Researchers have observed that vitamin E levels may influence the pathogenesis of conditions like allergic rhinitis, particularly in pregnant women. In the context of athletic performance and biohacking, vitamin E is valued for its potential to reduce oxidative stress and enhance recovery, although its exact role in longevity is still under investigation. Caveats include the potential for confounding factors such as dietary intake and bioavailability differences between alpha- and gamma-tocopherol. Testing for vitamin E levels typically does not require fasting, but results can be influenced by recent dietary intake and supplementation.
Klinische Bedeutung
Elevated vitamin E levels are generally not associated with toxicity but may indicate excessive supplementation. Reduced levels can suggest poor dietary intake or malabsorption issues, potentially leading to increased oxidative stress and associated health risks.
Dynamics
Trend Interpretation
Rising Values
Progressively rising values may indicate excessive supplementation; consider re-evaluation of dietary sources and supplements.
Falling Values
Progressively falling values suggest potential malabsorption or dietary insufficiency.
Re-test Interval
4 weeks if outside optimal range
Etiology
Causes — High & Low
Cause
Elevated Levels
- Excessive supplementation
- High dietary intake
- Liver disease
- Hyperlipidemia
Cause
Low Levels
- Poor dietary intake
- Malabsorption syndromes
- Cystic fibrosis
- Chronic liver disease
Protocol
How to Optimize
Lever
Nutrition
- Increase intake of nuts and seeds
- Consume green leafy vegetables
- Include vegetable oils
Lever
Supplementation
- Vitamin E supplements
- Mixed tocopherol supplements
Note:
Consult a healthcare provider before starting any supplementation, especially if on medication.
Testing Guidelines
✓Fasting Not Required
✓Not Time-Sensitive
Testing Frequency
Annually for healthy adults, more frequently if at risk for deficiency
Interfering Factors
- Recent high-fat meal
- Supplementation
- Liver function
Related Peptides & Hormones
Cortisol
hormoneCorrelated with
Open Research Questions
Current research suggests that the role of gamma-tocopherol as a biomarker for cancer and cardiovascular risk remains understudied, particularly regarding optimal reference ranges and the impact of dietary sources on plasma levels. Researchers have not yet established the precise mechanisms by which vitamin E influences allergic rhinitis in pregnant women, leaving questions about its therapeutic potential unanswered. Additionally, the interplay between tocopherol forms and their bioavailability warrants further investigation.
48 Research Publications
24,340
Total Citations
16
Human/RCT
80.5
Avg. Influence
2025
Latest
Sort
Filter
01Top
#01
The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": the FRAP assay.
AnimalInfluence1009.0
23033
Researchers presented a novel method called the FRAP assay to measure the antioxidant power of plasma. They found that the assay is inexpensive, highly reproducible, and can be used to assess oxidative stress in biological fluids. The average FRAP value for healthy adults was found to be 1017 micromol/liter.
02Top
#02
Gamma-tocopherol--an underestimated vitamin?
ReviewInfluence6.0
291
Researchers reviewed the biological activities of gamma-tocopherol, a major form of vitamin E in the diet. They found that gamma-tocopherol has distinct antioxidant properties and serves as a biomarker for cancer and cardiovascular risk. The study emphasized the need to consider its different bioavailability compared to alpha-tocopherol.
03Top
#03
Vitamin E inadequacy in humans: causes and consequences.
ReviewInfluence14.0
239
This review addressed the inadequacy of dietary vitamin E in Americans, linking low levels to various health issues. Researchers emphasized the need for additional biomarkers to assess vitamin E status and discussed the adverse consequences of inadequate intake.
04
#04
Hepatoprotective effect of curcumin and alpha-tocopherol against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress.
AnimalInfluence2.0
135
Researchers investigated the protective role of curcumin and alpha-tocopherol against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in rats. They found that pre-treatment with these compounds improved liver function and reduced oxidative stress markers. The study suggests that the combination may help mitigate hepatotoxicity associated with cisplatin treatment.
05
#05
Fat-Soluble Vitamins: Clinical Indications and Current Challenges for Chromatographic Measurement.
ReviewInfluence2.0
106
Researchers outlined the challenges in measuring fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamin E, in blood. They noted that deficiencies in these vitamins are linked to various health risks. The study emphasized the need for improved standardization and techniques for accurate quantification of these vitamins.
06
#06
Lipid oxidation that is, and is not, inhibited by vitamin E: Consideration about physiological functions of vitamin E.
HumanInfluence2.0
103
This study examined the role of vitamin E in inhibiting lipid peroxidation and its antioxidant properties. Researchers found that vitamin E effectively scavenges lipid peroxyl radicals but is less effective against certain other radicals. The study highlighted the importance of vitamin E in maintaining health and preventing diseases related to oxidative stress.
07
#07
Vitamin E, immune response, and disease resistance.
ReviewInfluence5.0
88
Researchers observed that vitamin E supplementation enhances immune response and disease resistance in various populations. They noted that vitamin E protects immune cells from oxidative damage and improves phagocytosis. The study emphasizes the greater effectiveness of vitamin E as an adjuvant in vaccines compared to dietary supplementation.
08
#08
Vitamin E and Alzheimer's disease: what do we know so far?
Review
86
Researchers explored the potential of vitamin E as a clinical intervention for Alzheimer's disease. They found that lower circulating levels of vitamin E were associated with an increased risk of developing AD. However, randomized trials showed inconsistent evidence regarding the effectiveness of vitamin E supplementation.
09
#09
The role of vitamin E in immune response and disease resistance.
ReviewInfluence2.0
84
Researchers found that vitamin E supplementation enhances immune response and disease resistance, particularly when combined with other antioxidants. They noted that the effectiveness of vitamin E depends on its delivery system, with targeted delivery to immune cells being more effective than general dietary intake. The study emphasizes the importance of optimal dosing.
10
#10
Vitamin E and cancer prevention: Studies with different forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols.
ReviewInfluence1.0
57
This review focused on the cancer prevention activities of different forms of vitamin E. Researchers found that while alpha-tocopherol is the most studied, other forms like gamma- and delta-tocopherols show stronger cancer-preventive activities in laboratory studies, suggesting a need for further research.
Clinical Trials (16)
16
Total Trials
1,922
Total Enrolled
Vitamin E Add-On Therapy, Thyroid Function & Oxidative Stress in Levothyroxine-Treated Hypothyroidism
NCT07781514ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
Sponsor
Bangladesh Medical University
Enrollment
74
Started
2027
Primary outcome
Change in Malondialdehyde (nmol/L) level from baseline to 12 weeks
Hypothyroidism
Effect of Tocopherol and Ascorbic Acid on Neuroinflammation Markers Associated With Neuropeptide Expression in the AgRP/NPY and POMC Pathways in Mexican Population With Obesity
NCT07782411NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Sponsor
Autonomous University of Morelos
Enrollment
192
Started
2026
Primary outcome
decrese expression of neuroinflammation biomarkers
Obesity (BMI>30)Neuroinflammation
Comparison of the Removal of Uremic Toxins With Medium Cut-off and Super High-flux Vitamin E-coated Dialyzers
NCT05610683COMPLETED
Sponsor
Poitiers University Hospital
Enrollment
41
Started
2023
Primary outcome
Beta2-microglobulin reduction ratio (RR) after 3 months of SHFVE-HD and MCO-HD in a non-inferiority fashion.
End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
Vitamin E Combined With Fruquintinib and Tislelizumab in Microsatellite Stabilized Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients
Sponsor
Fudan University
Enrollment
25
Started
2023
Primary outcome
objective response rate (ORR)
Colorectal CancerMicrosatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma
Evaluation of Medium Cross-linked Polyethylene With and Without Vitamin E for Total Knee Arthroplasty
NCT04618016ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Sponsor
Aesculap AG
Enrollment
605
Started
2021
Primary outcome
Clinical Outcome measured with the KSS [performance]
Osteoarthritis, KneeArthritis, RheumatoidIntra-Articular FracturesJoint InstabilityGenu Valgum or Varum
The Effect of Alpha-tocopherol in Hemolysis and Oxidative Stress Marker on the Red Cell Membrane Beta-thalassemia Major
NCT03948737COMPLETED
Sponsor
Indonesia University
Enrollment
40
Started
2016
Primary outcome
The effects of α-tocopherol in hemolysis marker on the red cell membrane of β-thalassemia major
Beta Thalassemia Major AnemiaHemolysisOxidative Stress
Relationship of Haptoglobin Phenotype to Vascular Function and Response to Vitamin E Supplementation in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: The EVAS Trial
NCT02776397UNKNOWN
Sponsor
Tan Tock Seng Hospital
Enrollment
300
Started
2015
Primary outcome
Endothelial function
Diabetes Mellitus
Vitamin E Pharmacokinetics and Biomarkers in Normal and Obese Women
Sponsor
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Enrollment
50
Started
2014
Primary outcome
Measure Vitamin E Kinetics
DiabetesFatty LiverObesityHealthy Volunteers
Vitamin E Supplementation in Burned Patients
Sponsor
The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
Enrollment
27
Started
2013
Primary outcome
Number of Participants Assessed for Plasma Alpha- and Gamma-Tocopherol Levels
Burn
Enhancing Treatment of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia With an Antioxidant, Vitamin E
Sponsor
University of Colorado, Denver
Enrollment
44
Started
2011
Primary outcome
Evaluation of iron status, as represented by serum ferritin, to be compared between groups
Iron DeficiencyIron Deficiency Anemia
VITAMIN E, C and ZINC IN PATIENTS WITH SKIN CANCER: INFLUENCE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATORY STATE
NCT02248584COMPLETED
Sponsor
University of Campinas, Brazil
Enrollment
60
Started
2011
Primary outcome
OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS
Skin Neoplasms
Silybin - Vitamin E- Phospholipids Complex Reduces Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Treated With Peg-IFN-a and RBV
Sponsor
University of Catania
Enrollment
64
Started
2010
Primary outcome
transforming growth factor beta
Liver Fibrosis
Efficacy of Alpha Tocopherol for Prevention of Contrast-induced Nephropathy in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients
Sponsor
Thammasat University
Enrollment
200
Started
2010
Primary outcome
The primary end-point of this study is the development of CIN in placebo group compared with alpha tocopherol group.
Contrast Induced Nephropathy
Vitamin E Supplements in Treating Patients Undergoing Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Sponsor
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Enrollment
14
Started
2009
Primary outcome
Plasma and urine levels of α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols, and prostaglandin E2
Colorectal Cancer
Type 2 Diabetes Haptoglobin Phenotype and Vitamin E
Sponsor
Technion, Israel Institute of Technology
Enrollment
90
Started
2009
Primary outcome
Reverse Cholesterol transport of the HDL
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
13-Cis Retinoic Acid With or Without Vitamin E for Prevention of Lung Cancer
Sponsor
University of Colorado, Denver
Enrollment
96
Started
1993
Primary outcome
Treatment failure
Drug ToxicityLung Cancer
Publication Trend
Research publications about Vitamin E over time
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