Skip to main content
PepStack
Hormone · Profile

Clomiphene

Clomid · Clomifene · Serophene

Hormone ManagementApproved
MW
406g/mol
Formula
C26H28ClNO

Clomiphene citrate, commonly known as Clomid, is a non-steroidal fertility medication that acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and is primarily produced in the ovaries. Researchers primarily study clomiphene for its role in inducing ovulation in women with conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and unexplained infertility. Key findings from clinical trials indicate that while clomiphene is effective in promoting ovulation, its efficacy may be comparable to that of letrozole, another medication used for similar purposes, with studies suggesting that letrozole may lead to a shorter time to ovulation. Current research continues to explore the effectiveness of clomiphene in various populations, including men with infertility, and its role as a first-line treatment for anovulatory infertility remains clinically relevant.

Overview

Übersicht

Clomiphene, also known as Clomid, Clomifene, or Serophene, is a synthetic, non-steroidal compound primarily used in hormone management. It belongs to the class of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and is not naturally produced in the body. Clomiphene is chemically synthesized and is widely used in reproductive medicine due to its ability to influence hormonal pathways related to fertility. Researchers have extensively studied clomiphene for its role in treating infertility in both women and men. In women, it is primarily used for ovulation induction in cases of anovulatory infertility, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and unexplained infertility. In men, clomiphene has been explored for its potential benefits in treating certain types of male infertility, particularly in cases of oligozoospermia. The mechanism of action of clomiphene involves its interaction with estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, leading to an increase in the release of gonadotropins such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). This hormonal cascade stimulates the ovaries in women, promoting ovulation, and can enhance spermatogenesis in men. Pharmacokinetically, clomiphene is administered orally and has a relatively long half-life, allowing for sustained activity. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in the feces. Clinically, clomiphene is approved for use in ovulation induction and is considered a first-line pharmacological therapy for certain infertility cases. It is generally well-tolerated, though its efficacy may vary, and alternative treatments may be necessary in cases of clomiphene resistance or failure.

Chemical profile

Chemische Struktur

Chemical structure of Clomiphene
FormelC26H28ClNO
Molekulargewicht406g/mol
CAS-Nummer911-45-5
PubChem CID2800
Mechanism

Wirkmechanismus

Clomiphene acts on estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, blocking negative feedback from circulating estrogens. This leads to increased secretion of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) from the pituitary gland, stimulating ovarian follicle development and ovulation in women, and enhancing spermatogenesis in men.

Mechanism

Signalweg

Clomiphene citrate acts primarily as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), binding to estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, which inhibits negative feedback by circulating estrogens, leading to increased secretion of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) from the anterior pituitary. This activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis promotes ovarian follicle development and ovulation. The exact downstream signaling pathways involved in this process, including potential interactions with the cAMP/PKA pathway, are not fully understood.

Half-Life & Pharmacokinetics

POOral

Half-life is approximately 5-7 days due to enterohepatic recirculation.

Clomiphene is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in the feces. Its long half-life contributes to its sustained pharmacological effects.

Storage

Temperature

Store at room temperature (15-30C)

Light

Protect from light

Form

Typically available in tablet form, stable under recommended storage conditions

Notes

Ensure packaging is intact to maintain stability and efficacy.

Solubility

Löslichkeit

Clomiphene is poorly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol.

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Verschreibungspflichtig (prescription only). Not a controlled substance under BtMG.

🇺🇸US

FDA approved for ovulation induction. Prescription required.

🇦🇺AU

Classified as Schedule 4 (S4) prescription-only medicine.

🇬🇧UK

Prescription-only medicine (POM) under MHRA regulation.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

Open Questions

Offene Forschungsfragen

Current evidence is limited regarding the long-term effects and safety of clomiphene citrate in various populations, particularly in men with infertility and women with unexplained infertility. Further research is needed to clarify the optimal dosing regimens and treatment duration for clomiphene citrate, as well as to compare its efficacy against newer treatments like letrozole in diverse patient cohorts. Additionally, larger randomized controlled trials are necessary to investigate the impact of clomiphene citrate on live birth rates in women who have previously failed treatment, and to explore its effectiveness in combination with lifestyle interventions or other pharmacological agents in managing PCOS-related infertility.

163 Research Publications

6,553

Total Citations

74

Human/RCT

4.3

Avg. Influence

2024

Latest

Sort
Filter
#01

Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome.

HumanInfluence46.0
974
Researchers observed that clomiphene citrate is superior to metformin alone for achieving live births in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, although combination therapy showed the highest live birth rate.
#02

Metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.

ReviewInfluence34.0
769
Researchers observed that metformin significantly improves ovulation and pregnancy rates in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to placebo and clomiphene alone.
#03

Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for polycystic ovary syndrome.

ReviewInfluence17.0
385
The review found that metformin is effective for achieving ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, particularly when combined with clomiphene citrate.
#04

Modern use of clomiphene citrate in induction of ovulation.

ReviewInfluence19.0
336
The study demonstrated that clomiphene citrate is effective for inducing ovulation in anovulatory women, with pregnancy rates comparable to those of the general population, although an increased body mass index negatively impacts response.
#05

Effect of clomifene citrate plus metformin and clomifene citrate plus placebo on induction of ovulation in women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: randomised double blind clinical trial.

HumanInfluence12.0
273
The study demonstrated that adding metformin to clomiphene citrate does not improve ovulation rates in women with PCOS, and may lead to more side effects compared to placebo.
#06

Letrozole, Gonadotropin, or Clomiphene for Unexplained Infertility.

HumanInfluence14.0
262
Researchers observed that ovarian stimulation with letrozole resulted in significantly lower pregnancy rates compared to gonadotropin or clomiphene in women with unexplained infertility.
#07

Development, pharmacology and clinical experience with clomiphene citrate.

ReviewInfluence12.0
227
The review demonstrated that clinical outcomes of clomiphene citrate treatment for infertility are influenced by patient characteristics and ovarian response, necessitating ultrasound monitoring for optimal dosing.
#08

Clomiphene and anti-oestrogens for ovulation induction in PCOS.

ReviewInfluence12.0
215
Researchers found that clomiphene citrate effectively increases pregnancy rates compared to placebo, but evidence on its effects on live births and miscarriage rates remains limited.
#09

Clomifene citrate or unstimulated intrauterine insemination compared with expectant management for unexplained infertility: pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

HumanInfluence8.0
185
Researchers observed that clomiphene citrate and unstimulated intrauterine insemination do not significantly improve live birth rates compared to expectant management in couples with unexplained infertility.
#10

A prospective evaluation of clomiphene citrate challenge test screening of the general infertility population.

HumanInfluence3.0
144
The study demonstrated that abnormal clomiphene citrate challenge tests in an unselected infertility population predicted lower pregnancy rates, particularly in older patients.

Clinical Trials (121)

Preclinical
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Approved

121

Total Trials

21,475

Total Enrolled

The Potential Biochemical Diagnosis Criteria and Therapeutic Effect Indexes: Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Levels and Free Androgen Index in Blood of Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

NCT01784380COMPLETED
Sponsor

Zhongshan Bo Ai Hospital

Enrollment

1,159

Started

2006

Primary outcome

The potentially biochemical diagnosis criteria and therapeutic effect evaluation indexes: Sex hormone binding globulin levels and free androgen index in blood of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

The Investigators Collected 534 PCOS Patients as the Case Group,and 580 Infertile Women With Normal Ovulatory Cycle of the Control Group;At the Same Time, the Investigators Continuedly Collect Cases to October 2012, and Totally Collected 579 Patients With PCOS Altogether;534 Patients in the Cases Group and 580 Women in the Control Group Received no Measures, While 579 Patients Received Drugs;The Investigators Monitored Basic Indexes in Blood of All the Subjects in This Suvey,and Also Monitored Indexes of 579 Patients After Treatment.

Vitamin D Supplementation and Improvement of PCOS Therapy and IVF Outcomes in Infertile Saudi Women

Sponsor

Umm Al-Qura University

Enrollment

700

Started

2021

Primary outcome

Number of Participants with Clinical pregnancy

Female InfertilityPolycystic Ovary SyndromePathologic ProcessesVitamin D DeficiencyIVFVitamin D Supplement

Combined Metformin and Clomiphene Citrate (CC) or Laparoscopic Ovarian Diathermy for Women With CC Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

NCT00969631COMPLETED
Sponsor

Mansoura University

Enrollment

282

Started

2005

Primary outcome

occurrence of ovulation and midcycle endometrial thickness (mm).

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Comparison of Recombinant Follicle Stimulating Hormone and the Combination of Recombinant Follicle Stimulating Hormone With Clomiphene Citrate in Stimulated Intrauterine Insemination Cycles

Sponsor

Bezmialem Vakif University

Enrollment

254

Started

2023

Primary outcome

Rate of clinical pregnancy

Infertility Unexplained

Letrozole or Combined Metformin Clomiphene Citrate (CC) for Women With CC Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

NCT00911313COMPLETED
Sponsor

Mansoura University

Enrollment

250

Started

2006

Primary outcome

Principally the ovulation rate as well as the number of growing and mature follicles, serum E2 (pg/ml), serum P (ng/mL), and endometrial thickness (mm).

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Letrozole or Combined Clomiphene Citrate Metformin as a First Line Treatment in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

NCT01679574COMPLETED
Sponsor

Assiut University

Enrollment

200

Started

2009

Primary outcome

ovulation rate

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Clomiphene Citrate Plus uFSH Versus Aromatase Inhibitor Plus uFSH in Clomiphene Resistant Infertile PCOS Women

Sponsor

Mansoura Integrated Fertility Center

Enrollment

160

Started

2013

Primary outcome

ovulation rate

Polycystic Ovary SyndromeInfertility

Clomiphene Stair-Step Protocol for Ovulation Induction in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

NCT01953796COMPLETED
Sponsor

Kufa University

Enrollment

140

Started

2010

Primary outcome

The time to ovulation with the stair step protocol was 21-28 days as compared with the traditional protocol which was 42 -70 days.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Growth Hormone Pretreatment in Poseidon Type IV Undergoing ICSI Using Minimal Induction Protocol: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sponsor

Ain Shams Maternity Hospital

Enrollment

132

Started

2021

Primary outcome

Ongoing pregnancy rate

Poor Response to Ovulation Induction Poseidon Type IV

HRT Versus MOS for Endometrial Preparation Prior to FET in PCOS Patients

NCT02273791COMPLETED
Sponsor

Mansoura University

Enrollment

126

Started

2013

Primary outcome

Clinical pregnancy rate

InfertilityPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Minimal Stimulation or Clomiphene Citrate in Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

NCT01157312COMPLETED
Sponsor

Mansoura University

Enrollment

113

Started

2008

Primary outcome

clinical pregnancy rate per cycle

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Coenzyme Q10 and Clomiphene Citrate (CC) for Ovulation Induction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

NCT01910766COMPLETED
Sponsor

Mansoura University

Enrollment

110

Started

2010

Primary outcome

Number of ovulating patients

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Added Value of N Acetyle Cysteine to Clomiphene Citrate in PCO

NCT04170439COMPLETED
Sponsor

Aljazeera Hospital

Enrollment

108

Started

2019

Primary outcome

The number of women who will have mature follicles wih their size and number of mqture follicles The number of women who will have mature follicles

PCO

L-Carnitine and Clomiphene Citrate for Induction of Ovulation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

NCT03476356COMPLETED
Sponsor

Ain Shams University

Enrollment

106

Started

2017

Primary outcome

Ovulation success by trans-vaginal ultrasound

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Effect of Endometrial Injury in Couples With Unexplained Infertility

Sponsor

Cairo University

Enrollment

100

Started

2018

Primary outcome

clinical pregnancy rate

Unexplained Infertility

Letrozole and Sequential Clomiphene to Improve the Outcome of Embryo Transfer

Sponsor

Navy General Hospital, Beijing

Enrollment

100

Started

2016

Primary outcome

live birth rate

Female Infertility Due to Nonimplantation of Ovum

Parameters Declaring PCO Infertile Patients Either Sensitive or Resistant to Different Doses of Clomiphene Citrate.

Sponsor

Ain Shams Maternity Hospital

Enrollment

100

Started

2021

Primary outcome

ovulation

PCOInduction of OvulationClomiphene Citrate

Tamoxifen Compared With Clomiphene Citrate for Women Who Had Thin Endometrium Women Under Clomiphene in a Previous Cycle

Sponsor

Shaare Zedek Medical Center

Enrollment

100

Started

2007

Primary outcome

Pregnancy rate

Infertility

Randomized Study of Decreased Hyperinsulinemia on the Ovulatory Response to Clomiphene Citrate in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

NCT00005104COMPLETED
Sponsor

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)

Enrollment

99

Started

2000

Polycystic Ovary SyndromeHyperinsulinism

The Effect Of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Treatment On Ocular Surface.

NCT07419776COMPLETED
Sponsor

Cairo University

Enrollment

90

Started

2023

Primary outcome

Measuring changes in Meibomian glands functions in polycystic ovarian syndrome and with different drugs used in managing it.

Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome

Vaginal Estradiol and Oral Guaifenesin in Clomiphene Ovulation Induction

NCT07398924COMPLETED
Sponsor

Yuzuncu Yil University

Enrollment

90

Started

2022

Primary outcome

Clinical pregnancy rate

Female InfertilityAnovulatory InfertilityUnexplained Infertility

Randomized Study of the Effect of Decreased Hyperinsulinemia on the Ovulatory Response to Clomiphene Citrate in Obese Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

NCT00005654COMPLETED
Sponsor

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)

Enrollment

88

Started

2000

HyperinsulinismPolycystic Ovary Syndrome

Amlodipine on Blood Flow of Preovulatory Follicle in Polycystic Ovarian Patients

NCT02544776COMPLETED
Sponsor

Ahmed Fathy Ali Mohamed Ghanem

Enrollment

60

Started

2015

Primary outcome

change in ovarian artery perfusion

Female Infertility Associated With Anovulation

Clomiphene Citrate Stair-Step Protocol

Sponsor

Ain Shams Maternity Hospital

Enrollment

60

Started

2017

Primary outcome

Occurrence of the ovulation by transvaginal ultrasound

Polycystic Ovary

Sildenafil Vaginal Gel Co-treatment With Clomiphene Citrate in Infertile Women With Thin Endometrium

NCT02710981COMPLETED
Sponsor

Assiut University

Enrollment

42

Started

2015

Primary outcome

Endometrial Thickness

Anovulation

Anti-Mullerian Hormone as Predictor of Ovarian Responce to Clomiphene Citrate in PCOS

Sponsor

Ain Shams University

Enrollment

40

Started

2018

Primary outcome

AMH in prediction of Ovulation in women with PCOS.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

A Comparison of Letrozole and Clomifene Citrate

Sponsor

The University of Hong Kong

Enrollment

40

Started

2015

Primary outcome

FSH concentrations

Polycystic Ovarian SyndromeSubfertility

Progestin-induced Endometrial Shedding in PCOS (The PIES in PCOS Study)

NCT01718444TERMINATED
Sponsor

University of Illinois at Chicago

Enrollment

27

Started

2015

Primary outcome

Live Birth

Polycystic Ovary SyndromeInfertility

Differential Effects of Clomiphene Citrate in Women Undergoing Superovulation

NCT01291056COMPLETED
Sponsor

University of Utah

Enrollment

20

Started

2010

Primary outcome

Follicular Cycle Total Behavioral Score for Calendar of Premenstrual Experiences (COPE) Self Assessment

Mood

One-shot Ovarian Stimulation Protocol (One-shot)

NCT06635538RECRUITING
Sponsor

Fundación Santiago Dexeus Font

Enrollment

20

Started

2024

Primary outcome

Estradiol

Infertility, Female

Study Evaluating the Timing of Intrauterine Insemination in Relation to Positive Home Ovulation Prediction Kit

NCT02294773COMPLETED
Sponsor

Midwest Fertility Specialists

Enrollment

13

Started

2013

Primary outcome

Number of Pregnancies Achieved Per Menstrual Cycle.

Infertility

Use of Clomiphene Citrate as an Inhibitor of Ovulation in an Oocyte Cryopreservation Cycle

Sponsor

Neil Chappell

Enrollment

10

Started

2023

Primary outcome

Ovulation

Infertility, FemaleInfertility

Protocol to Minimize Injections and Blood Draws for Women Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization

NCT02865681COMPLETED
Sponsor

New Hope Fertility Center

Enrollment

4

Started

2016

Primary outcome

Serum estradiol level

Infertility

Efficacy Study of Raloxifene to Induce Ovulation in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

NCT01607320TERMINATED
Sponsor

Bruce Lessey

Enrollment

3

Started

2012

Primary outcome

Pregnancy

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Cost-effective Treatment of Unexplained Infertility

NCT06178523Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Batterjee Medical College

Enrollment

900

Started

2024

Primary outcome

Pregnancy outcome

Unexplained Infertility

Clomiphene Citrate Versus Tamoxifen for Ovulation Induction in PCOs

NCT02479256Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Ain Shams University

Enrollment

600

Started

2015

Primary outcome

Rate of ovulation.

PCOS

Concomitant CC and E2 Versus CC Alone in Ovulation Induction

NCT02186782Phase 4UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Maher elesawi kamel elesawi

Enrollment

600

Started

2014

Primary outcome

Clinical pregnancy rate

InfertilityAnovulation

Metformin for the Treatment of Unexplained Oligozspermia

NCT01529177Phase 4UNKNOWN
Sponsor

The Egyptian IVF-ET Center

Enrollment

600

Started

2012

Primary outcome

sperm count

Infertility

Strategies for Ovulation Induction in Anovulatory Infertile Patients With PCOS

NCT00461643Phase 4UNKNOWN
Sponsor

University Magna Graecia

Enrollment

552

Started

2007

Primary outcome

Multiple pregnancy rate

Anovulatory Infertility Related to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Comparison of the Effect of Gonadotropin and Clomiphene Citrate Treatment on Sperm Parameters and the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Procedures in Subfertile Men Based on the APHRODITE Groups

NCT07523022Phase 4ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
Sponsor

Szeged University

Enrollment

500

Started

2024

Primary outcome

sperm DNA fragmentation

Male Infertility

Effects of Clomiphene Citrate Ovulation Induction on Frozen Embryo Transfer

NCT03309436Phase 4UNKNOWN
Sponsor

ShangHai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute

Enrollment

360

Started

2017

Primary outcome

Clinical pregnancy

Infertility, FemaleClomiphene Citrate

Induction of Ovulation by Clomiphene Citrate Following Laparoscopic Surgery for Endometriosis Stage 1 and Stage 2 With and Without Suppression by Dienogest

NCT02575248Phase 4UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Ain Shams University

Enrollment

310

Started

2014

Primary outcome

Clinical pregnancy rate

Infertility

Adding Prednisolone During Ovulation Induction With CC in Lean Women With CC Resistant PCOS

NCT02344888Phase 4UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Mahmoud Thabet

Enrollment

300

Started

2015

Primary outcome

Ovulation rate

InfertilityPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Use of Low Dose of HCG During Ovulation Induction With CC in Women With CC Resistant PCOS

NCT02436226Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Mohamed Sayed Abdelhafez

Enrollment

300

Started

2016

Primary outcome

Ovulation rate

InfertilityPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Clomiphene Citrate Plus Gonadotropins and GnRH Antagonist Versus Flexible GnRH Antagonist Protocol Versus Microdose GnRH Agonist Protocol in Poor Responders Undergoing IVF

NCT02201914Phase 4UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Bioroma

Enrollment

250

Started

2014

Primary outcome

Clinical pregnancy rate

Poor RespondersIVFClomiphene CitrateGnRH AgonistGnRH Antagonist

Clomiphene Citrate (CC)/Gonadotropin/Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Antagonist Versus Gonadotropin/GnRH Agonist

NCT00830492Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Yazd Research & Clinical Center for Infertility

Enrollment

200

Started

2008

Primary outcome

clinical pregnancy rate

Ovarian Stimulation

PCOSMIC Trial - PolyCystic Ovary Syndrome, Metformin for Infertility With Clomiphene

NCT00795808Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

University of Auckland, New Zealand

Enrollment

171

Started

2003

Primary outcome

Clinical pregnancy

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Letrozole Versus Clomifene Citrate for Ovulation Induction

NCT00478504Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

University of Nottingham

Enrollment

159

Started

2007

Primary outcome

Pregnancy rate

InfertilityPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Mild Stimulation Protocol Using Clomiphene Citrate for Women With PCOS Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization

NCT04157725Phase 4UNKNOWN
Sponsor

American University of Beirut Medical Center

Enrollment

154

Started

2023

Primary outcome

Live birth rate

PCO - Polycystic OvariesInfertility

Adding L-Carnitine to Clomiphene Citrate for Induction of Ovulation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

NCT03630341Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Assiut University

Enrollment

150

Started

2016

Primary outcome

clinical pregnancy rate

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

HRT Versus MOS for Endometrial Preparation Prior to FET in Non PCOS Patients

NCT02330757Phase 4UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Mansoura University

Enrollment

150

Started

2016

Primary outcome

Clinical pregnancy rate

Infertility

Phytoestrogens as an Alternative to Estradiol in Ovulation Induction in PCOS

NCT02352597Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Cairo University

Enrollment

150

Started

2013

Primary outcome

endometrial thickness

Polycystic Ovaries

Coenzyme q 10 and Fertility Outcome in Women With Clomiphene Resistant PCOS

NCT04302532Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Karachi Medical and Dental College

Enrollment

149

Started

2020

Primary outcome

number of ovulating women

Coenzyme q10

Effect of Sildenafil Citrate Compared to Estrogen as Adjuvant Therapy for Unexplained Infertility

NCT05753098Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Beni-Suef University

Enrollment

148

Started

2021

Primary outcome

pregnancy rates

Subfertility, Female

Vitamin D for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Clomiphene Resistant Women

NCT04010942Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Ain Shams University

Enrollment

120

Started

2018

Primary outcome

Follicle growth and maturation

PCOSVitamin D Deficiency

Evaluation of a Long Versus Short Clomid Protocol for Controlled Ovarian Stimulation

NCT06701071Phase 4RECRUITING
Sponsor

University of Southern California

Enrollment

120

Started

2025

Primary outcome

Number of mature oocytes

Infertility, Female

Double Ovarian Stimulation as Accumulation Strategy for Older Infertile Patients With Suboptimal Ovarian Response

NCT03400722Phase 4UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Nova Clinic, Russia

Enrollment

120

Started

2017

Primary outcome

Total number of retrieved oocytes per cycle

Infertility, FemaleOvarian StimulationIn Vitro Fertilisation

The Effect Of Vitamin D Replacement Therapy On Serum Leptin And Follicular Growth Pattern In Women With Resistant Polycystic Ovary

NCT03806036Phase 4UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Cairo University

Enrollment

100

Started

2018

Primary outcome

Ovulation

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Sildenafil Effect After Ovulation Induction

NCT02890238Phase 4UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Cairo University

Enrollment

100

Started

2016

Primary outcome

Pregnancy rate per cycle

Infertility

The Comparison of Effect of Four Different Treatment Protocols on IVF Outcomes in Poor Responders Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization.

NCT01948804Phase 4UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Pınar Özcan Cenksoy

Enrollment

100

Started

2014

Primary outcome

clinical pregnancy rates

Poor Responders Undergoing IVF

Comparison of Clomiphene Alone Versus Clomiphene Plus Sildenafil for Ovulation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

NCT07769476Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Nishtar Medical University

Enrollment

98

Started

2025

Primary outcome

Pregnancy

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS)

Short-term Structured Exercise Training Program Plus Diet Intervention in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

NCT01004068Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

University Magna Graecia

Enrollment

96

Started

2008

Primary outcome

Ovulation rate

Polycystic Ovary SyndromeAnovulation

The Effect of Ethinyl Estradiol on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination

NCT01219101Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Royan Institute

Enrollment

95

Started

2011

Primary outcome

Clinical Pregnancy rate

Infertility

Pregnancy Rate by HCG Administration Versus Urinary LH Surge Method in Patients Undergoing IUI

NCT02638285Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Enrollment

86

Started

2009

Primary outcome

pregnancy rate

Pregnancy

Treatment of Anovulatory Infertility in PCOS Patients

NCT00471523Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

University Magna Graecia

Enrollment

80

Started

2006

Primary outcome

Pregnancy rate

InfertilityPolycystic Ovary SyndromeAnovulation

Pulsatile Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone for Infertility in Non-obese Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

NCT03989024Phase 4UNKNOWN
Sponsor

RenJi Hospital

Enrollment

78

Started

2019

Primary outcome

Number of participants with ovulation recovery (according to basal body temperature, progesterone levels on cycle day 21, or ultrasonography)

Polycystic Ovary SyndromeInfertilityOvulation Disorder

Combined Letrozole and Clomid in Women With Infertility and PCOS

NCT02802865Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Rachel Mejia

Enrollment

70

Started

2016

Primary outcome

Number of Participants Achieving Ovulation Measured by Mid-luteal Progesterone Level

Polycystic Ovary SyndromeInfertility

Effect Clomiphene vs Clomiphene Along With Pioglitazone on Ovarian Stimulation Rate

NCT07462065Phase 4RECRUITING
Sponsor

PAEC General Hospital, Islamabad

Enrollment

62

Started

2026

Primary outcome

Ovarian stimulation rate

Infertility TreatmentPregnancy Rates

Incremental Clomiphene Citrate Doses in Successive Cycles and FSH, LH and Steroid Hormone Levels

NCT04210765Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital

Enrollment

50

Started

2019

Primary outcome

Changes in the endogenous blood levels of FSH, LH in successive cycles

Unexplained InfertilityOvulation Disorder

Second-Line Treatments for Anovulatory Infertility in PCOS Patients

NCT00558077Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

University Magna Graecia

Enrollment

50

Started

2003

Primary outcome

Live-birth rate

Polycystic Ovary SyndromeInfertilityAnovulation

Comparison of Clomiphene Citrate and Gonadotropins in Ovulation Induction Cycles

NCT00835744Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel

Enrollment

40

Started

2008

Primary outcome

folliculogenesis

Infertility

Maximal Stimulation and Delayed Fertilization for Diminished Ovarian Reserve: a Randomized Pilot Study

NCT01921166Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Enrollment

23

Started

2011

Primary outcome

Oocytes

Infertility

Myo-inositol Versus Clomiphene Citrate in PCOS

NCT04306692Phase 4TERMINATED
Sponsor

University Hospital, Ghent

Enrollment

12

Started

2020

Primary outcome

Rate of cumulative ongoing pregnancy (a pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasonic visualisation of one or more gestational sacs with fetal heart beat) after 3 treatment cycles with inositol versus clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction.

Ovulation InductionPolycystic Ovary SyndromeClomipheneInositol

Impact of Clomiphene Citrate Administration During the Early Luteal Phase on Endocrine Profile in IVF Cycles

NCT01791751Phase 4COMPLETED
Sponsor

Fundació Privada Eugin

Enrollment

10

Started

2012

Primary outcome

LH Levels (IU)

Female Infertility

Assessment of Multiple Intrauterine Gestations From Ovarian Stimulation

NCT01044862Phase 3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Yale University

Enrollment

900

Started

2010

Primary outcome

Multiple Gestation Rate Following Recruitment of Multiple Follicular Development With an AI, as Compared to CC and FSH.

PregnancyUnexplained Infertility

Pregnancy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome II

NCT00719186Phase 3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Yale University

Enrollment

750

Started

2009

Primary outcome

Live Birth

PregnancyPolycystic Ovary Syndrome

Treatment of Infertility in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

NCT00068861Phase 3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

Enrollment

678

Started

2002

Primary outcome

Live birth rate

Polycystic Ovary SyndromeInfertilityPregnancy

Assessment of the Effects of Enclomiphene Citrate on Bone Mineral Density in Men With Secondary Hypogonadism

NCT01619683Phase 3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Repros Therapeutics Inc.

Enrollment

300

Started

2012

Primary outcome

Bone Mineral Density

Effect of Treatment on Bone Mineral Density

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin & Trigger

NCT02264847Phase 3UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Cairo University

Enrollment

200

Started

2014

Primary outcome

Ovulation rate

Ovulation Disorder

Effect of Vitamin D Supplement in Induction of Ovulation in Overweight Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

NCT03396380Phase 3UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Ain Shams University

Enrollment

186

Started

2017

Primary outcome

Rate of ovulation

Ovulation Induction

Phase III Study to Evaluate Morning Testosterone Normalization in Overweight Men With Secondary Hypogonadism

NCT01739595Phase 3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Repros Therapeutics Inc.

Enrollment

181

Started

2012

Primary outcome

Subjects With Testosterone in Normal Range After Treatment

Secondary Hypogonadism

Traditional Clomiphene Citrate Administration vs. Stair-step Approach

NCT01008319Phase 3COMPLETED
Sponsor

University of Oklahoma

Enrollment

120

Started

2009

Primary outcome

Time to Ovulation With Each Protocol

Ovulatory DysfunctionAnovulationOvulation Induction

Induction of Ovulation Using Clomiphene Citrate and N-acetyl Cysteine Versus Letrozole

NCT03241472Phase 3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Assiut University

Enrollment

100

Started

2016

Primary outcome

rate of ovulation

Infertility

Induction of Ovulation With Raloxifene or Clomiphene Citrate in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

NCT00427700Phase 3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre

Enrollment

82

Started

2008

Primary outcome

Percentage of Participants With Ovulation Detected by Ultrasound

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Letrozole vs. Clomiphene Citrate in Patients With Anovulatory Infertility

NCT00610077Phase 3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited

Enrollment

55

Started

2004

Primary outcome

Ovulation rate (ovulatory cycles/ all treatment cycles) by Ultrasonography (USG).

Infertility

Endobarrier Treatment in Women With PCOS

NCT02255578Phase 3UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Sheba Medical Center

Enrollment

50

Started

2014

Primary outcome

change in egg quality or ovulation rate after Endobarrier treatment

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Clomiphene Citrate in Infertile Men With Idiopathic Oligoasthenozoospermia

NCT06564961Phase 3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Shakeela Ishrat

Enrollment

50

Started

2022

Primary outcome

Change from baseline in sperm motility at 12 weeks

Infertility, Male

Letrozole vs Clomiphene Citrate for Induction of Ovulation in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

NCT05702957Phase 2/3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan

Enrollment

220

Started

2016

Primary outcome

Pregnancy rate

Polycystic Ovary SyndromeInfertility

Effect of Ubiquinol Supplementation on Ovulation Induction in Clomiphene Citrate Resistance

NCT04870502Phase 2/3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Saudi German Hospital - Madinah

Enrollment

161

Started

2019

Primary outcome

Change of the number of cases achieving follicular growth to the size of mature follicle ≥ 18 mm (1-3 follicles) during the three cycles of stimulation

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Extended Clomiphene Citrate Regimen in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

NCT02381184Phase 2/3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Benha University

Enrollment

160

Started

2014

Primary outcome

the ovulation rate

Infertility

NAC in CC Resistant PCOS After LOD

NCT02775734Phase 2/3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Ain Shams University

Enrollment

144

Started

2016

Primary outcome

Biochemical pregnancy rate

Clomiphene Citrate Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Three Dosage Strengths of Pulsatile GnRH

NCT00296465Phase 2/3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Ferring Pharmaceuticals

Enrollment

132

Started

2005

Primary outcome

Pregnancy rate

InFertility

Effect of Oral Sildenafil Citrate on Improvement of Endometrial Thickness

NCT05846906Phase 2/3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Beni-Suef University

Enrollment

130

Started

2021

Primary outcome

Pregnancy rate

Infertility, Female

Effectiveness and Safety of Bushen Culuan Decoction for Anovulatory Infertility

NCT03709849Phase 2UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences

Enrollment

528

Started

2019

Primary outcome

Pregnancy Rate

Anovulatory InfertilityAbnormal Uterine Bleeding-Ovulatory DisordersPolycystic Ovarian SyndromeHyperprolactinemiaLuteinized Unruptured Follicle SyndromeCorpus Luteum InsufficiencyOvarian Insufficiency

Metformine and CC Compared With Placebo and CC for Induction Ovulation in PCOS Patients With Insulin Resistant

NCT02523898Phase 2TERMINATED
Sponsor

Semnan University of Medical Sciences

Enrollment

388

Started

2015

Primary outcome

ovulation rate

Polycystic Ovary SyndromeHyperandrogenism

Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Three Dosage Strengths of Pulsatile GnRH Delivered From a Iontophoretic Patch Compared to Oral Treatment With Clomiphene or Placebo in Infertile Females

NCT00796289Phase 2COMPLETED
Sponsor

Ferring Pharmaceuticals

Enrollment

350

Started

2009

Primary outcome

Ovulation rate

Infertility

Comparison of Anastrozole Verses Clomiphene Citrate in Stimulating Follicular Growth and Ovulation in Infertile Women With Ovulatory Dysfunction

NCT00213148Phase 2COMPLETED
Sponsor

EMD Serono

Enrollment

271

Started

2005

Primary outcome

Ovulation Rate in Cycle 1

Anovulation

Extended Letrozole Regimen Versus Clomiphene Citrate for Superovulation in Patients With Unexplained Infertility Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination

NCT01232075Phase 2COMPLETED
Sponsor

Cairo University

Enrollment

214

Started

2008

Primary outcome

Clinical pregnancy rate

Infertility

The Effect of Sildenafil Citrate on the Success Rate of Ovulation Induction Using Clomiphene

NCT02663830Phase 2COMPLETED
Sponsor

Ain Shams University

Enrollment

210

Started

2016

Primary outcome

Clinical pregnancy rate

Anovulatory

The Effect of Oxytocin (OT) and Oxytocin Plus Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), in Cycles Induced by Letrozole or Clomiphene Citrate

NCT00844350Phase 2COMPLETED
Sponsor

Tabriz University

Enrollment

177

Started

2006

Primary outcome

number of follicles, endometrial thickness, and clinical pregnancy rate

Ovarian Response

Letrozole Versus Clomiphene Citrate for Ovulation Induction in Women With Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome ( PCOS )

NCT02551367Phase 2UNKNOWN
Sponsor

mostafa gomaa hamid halawa

Enrollment

110

Started

2015

Primary outcome

ovulation rate

AnovulationPolycystic Ovary Syndrome

The Effect on Androxal Versus Androgel on Morning Testosterone in Men With Secondary Hypogonadism (Low Testosterone)

NCT01386606Phase 2COMPLETED
Sponsor

Repros Therapeutics Inc.

Enrollment

60

Started

2011

Primary outcome

24 Hour Average and Maximum Testosterone Concentration

Secondary Hypogonadism

Efficacy of Vit E in PCOS Resistant to Clomiphene Citrate

NCT03674385Phase 2COMPLETED
Sponsor

Ain Shams University

Enrollment

60

Started

2018

Primary outcome

ovulation rate

Clomiphene Citrate Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Sex Hormone Supplementation and Rotator Cuff Repair: A Preliminary Randomized Trial

NCT04944836Phase 2RECRUITING
Sponsor

University of Utah

Enrollment

58

Started

2023

Primary outcome

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tendon healing Post-op

Rotator Cuff Tears

A Multi-Center Study in Men With Acquired Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism to Compare Changes in Body Composition and Metabolic Parameters With Diet and Exercise in Conjunction With Treatment With 12.5 mg or 25 mg Enclomiphene

NCT02651688Phase 2COMPLETED
Sponsor

Repros Therapeutics Inc.

Enrollment

50

Started

2016

Primary outcome

Change From Baseline in Lean Body Mass (LBM) at Week 48

Acquired Hypogonadotropic HypogonadismObesity

Clomid in Men With Low Testosterone With and Without Prior Treatment

NCT01904734Phase 2COMPLETED
Sponsor

Phoenix VA Health Care System

Enrollment

42

Started

2012

Primary outcome

Total serum testosterone

Hypogonadism, Male

Anastrazole and Clomiphene to Evaluate Hypogonadal Symptoms and Erectile Function

NCT03933618Phase 2COMPLETED
Sponsor

Albany Medical College

Enrollment

24

Started

2015

Primary outcome

IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) Score - Screen

Hypogonadism, Male

Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Low Testosterone Associated With Chronic Opioid Pain Medication Administration

NCT01880086Phase 2COMPLETED
Sponsor

Weill Medical College of Cornell University

Enrollment

13

Started

2013

Primary outcome

Serum Total Testosterone (Change From Baseline)

HypogonadismOpioid-Related DisordersMale Infertility

Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in Obese Young Males

NCT03245827Phase 2TERMINATED
Sponsor

Sandeep Singh Dhindsa, M.D., F.A.C.E

Enrollment

9

Started

2019

Primary outcome

Serum Free Testosterone

Hypogonadism, Hypogonadotropic

Hypogonadism in Young Men With Type 2 Diabetes

NCT01155518Phase 2TERMINATED
Sponsor

State University of New York at Buffalo

Enrollment

5

Started

2010

Primary outcome

Insulin Resistance

Hypogonadotropic HypogonadismType 2 Diabetes

Effect of Vitamin D Oral Supplementation in Poly Csytic Ovarian Women Resistant to Clomiphene Citrate

NCT04916925Phase 1/2UNKNOWN
Sponsor

rana alaaeldin aly ibrahim nasr

Enrollment

100

Started

2021

Primary outcome

number of the ovulated follicles

Vitamin D DeficiencyClomiphene AllergyPolycystic Ovary Syndrome

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Response to Low Dose Clomiphene Citrate in Normally Menstruating Fertile Women

NCT01340521Phase 1/2COMPLETED
Sponsor

Milton S. Hershey Medical Center

Enrollment

25

Started

1991

Primary outcome

LH Concentration

Infertility

Clomiphene Citrate, Estradiol and Sildenafil for Induction of Ovulation in Unexplained Infertility

NCT03755037Phase 1COMPLETED
Sponsor

Nesreen Abdel Fattah Abdullah Shehata

Enrollment

150

Started

2017

Primary outcome

Ultrasound parameters

Female Infertility

Luteal Phase Versus Follicular Phase Administration of Clomiphene Citrate in PCOS, A Randomized Controlled Trial

NCT02024984Phase 1UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Ain Shams Maternity Hospital

Enrollment

90

Started

2013

Primary outcome

the total number of follicles, number of follicles > 14 mm in diameter, number of follicles > 18 mm in diameter.

PCOS

Comparison of Clomid and Lezra With Lezra for Ovulation Induction in Clomid Resistant PCOS Case

NCT06813118Phase 1COMPLETED
Sponsor

HITEC-Institute of Medical Sciences

Enrollment

42

Started

2024

Primary outcome

To compare the rate of ovulation

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Pharmacokinetics and Hepatic Safety of EGCG

NCT04177693Phase 1COMPLETED
Sponsor

Yale University

Enrollment

39

Started

2020

Primary outcome

Changes in Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG)

Uterine Fibroids

Influence of Pharmacogenetic Factors, Paroxetine and Clarithromycin on Pharmacokinetics of Clomiphene

NCT01289756Phase 1COMPLETED
Sponsor

Robert Bosch Gesellschaft für Medizinische Forschung mbH (RBMF)

Enrollment

20

Started

2009

Primary outcome

Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC)of clomiphene

AnovulationDisorder Due Cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 VariantCytochrome P450 CYP3A Enzyme Deficiency

Administration of Clomiphene: Short and Long Term Metabolism in an Anti-Doping Setting

NCT03028532Phase 1COMPLETED
Sponsor

Stuart Willick

Enrollment

12

Started

2017

Primary outcome

The window of detection for the clomiphene parent compound and metabolites following a 30-day administration will be identified.

Sports Drug AbuseAbuse of Steroids or Hormones

Pioglitazone Versus Metformin as First Treatment in Infertile Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

NCT03566225Early Phase 1COMPLETED
Sponsor

Ain Shams University

Enrollment

400

Started

2018

Primary outcome

Clinical pregnancy rate

Pioglitazone

Metformin Use and Clinical Pregnancy Rate in Women With Unexplained Infertility

NCT03681197Early Phase 1UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Elham Raafat

Enrollment

170

Started

2018

Primary outcome

Clinical pregnancy rate

Infertility

Ovulation Induction in Women With Clomiphene Citrate Resistant PCOS

NCT01909141Early Phase 1COMPLETED
Sponsor

Cairo University

Enrollment

100

Started

2013

Primary outcome

Ovulation Rate

Polycystic Ovary SyndromeInfertility

Track your hormone research in PepStack

Log cycles, set reminders and visualize serum levels.

Legal Disclaimer

This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer