Clomiphene, also known as Clomid, Clomifene, or Serophene, is a synthetic non-steroidal compound. It is primarily used in the management of infertility in both women and men. Clomiphene belongs to the class of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and is not naturally produced in the body. It is typically administered orally in the form of clomiphene citrate. Researchers have extensively studied clomiphene for its role in ovulation induction, particularly in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and other forms of anovulatory infertility. It is also investigated for its potential benefits in treating male hypogonadism and improving spermatogenesis. Clomiphene acts by binding to estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, blocking the negative feedback of estrogen, and thereby increasing the release of gonadotropins such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). This stimulation leads to ovulation in women and increased testosterone production in men. Pharmacokinetically, clomiphene is well absorbed orally, with a half-life that varies due to its isomeric forms. It undergoes hepatic metabolism and is excreted primarily in feces. Clinically, clomiphene is widely used as a first-line treatment for female infertility due to anovulation and is also employed off-label for male hypogonadism. It is approved by various regulatory bodies for specific indications, although its long-term safety profile continues to be evaluated in ongoing research.