Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), also known as Somatomedin C or Mecasermin, is an endogenous peptide hormone primarily produced in the liver, although it is also synthesized in other tissues. It belongs to the growth factor category and is structurally similar to insulin. IGF-1 plays a crucial role in growth and development, particularly during childhood, and continues to have anabolic effects in adults. Researchers have extensively studied IGF-1 for its involvement in various physiological processes, including glucose metabolism, muscle hypertrophy, and cardiovascular health. It is also a topic of interest in cancer research, particularly in colorectal cancer, due to its role in metabolic pathways. IGF-1 exerts its effects through binding to the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), activating intracellular signaling cascades such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathways. These pathways are involved in cell growth, proliferation, and survival. IGF-1 also influences glucose metabolism by modulating glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes. Pharmacokinetic properties of IGF-1 include a circulating half-life of approximately 12-15 hours when administered exogenously. It is metabolized primarily in the liver and has limited oral bioavailability due to degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. Clinically, IGF-1 is used in the treatment of growth failure in children with severe primary IGF-1 deficiency. It is also being explored for its potential therapeutic benefits in muscle wasting conditions and cardiovascular diseases. However, due to its potential for misuse in sports, IGF-1 is a prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency.