Luteinizing Hormone (LH), also known as lutropin or Luveris, is an endogenous glycoprotein hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It belongs to the category of pituitary and trophic hormones and is structurally a heterodimer composed of an alpha and a beta subunit, with the beta subunit conferring its biological specificity. Synthetic forms, such as lutropin alfa, have been developed for clinical use. LH plays a crucial role in regulating the reproductive system, primarily by stimulating steroidogenesis and gametogenesis in the gonads. Researchers have observed that LH is involved in follicular development in females and testosterone production in males. Additionally, emerging research suggests that LH may have extra-gonadal roles, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS), influencing cognition and plasticity, although the exact mechanisms remain under investigation. The mechanism of action of LH involves binding to specific luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptors (LHCGR) located in Leydig cells in males and interstitial cells in females. This binding activates a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways, primarily through the cAMP pathway, leading to steroid hormone production. Pharmacokinetic properties of LH vary; endogenous LH has a pulsatile release pattern, while recombinant forms like lutropin alfa are administered subcutaneously. Clinical use of LH, particularly lutropin alfa, includes treatment of infertility in women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. It is generally well-tolerated, with mild to moderate adverse events. Regulatory standing varies by region, with approval for specific indications in reproductive medicine.