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Platelet-Rich Plasma

PRP · Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy

Growth FactorsApproved
MW
390.07g/mol
Formula
C5H13O14P3

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood-derived product characterized by a concentration of platelets that is at least two to three times higher than normal levels, along with various growth factors. Researchers primarily study PRP for its potential applications in regenerative medicine, particularly in fields such as orthopedics, dermatology, and sports medicine. Key findings from the literature indicate that PRP may facilitate cellular proliferation, enhance wound healing, and improve outcomes in conditions like osteoarthritis and hair restoration. Clinical evidence suggests that while PRP shows promise in various medical scenarios, the availability of large randomized clinical trials remains limited, leading to ongoing debates about its efficacy in certain applications. Current research continues to explore the mechanisms of action and expand the therapeutic indications for PRP, highlighting its evolving role in modern medicine.

Overview

Übersicht

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood-derived product characterized by a high concentration of platelets, typically 2 to 3 times above baseline levels, and includes various platelet-related growth factors. PRP is not a synthetic compound but is derived from the patient's own blood, which is processed to concentrate the platelets. It falls under the category of growth factors due to its rich content of bioactive proteins that influence tissue regeneration. Researchers have found that PRP plays a significant role in regenerative medicine, with applications spanning from orthopedic and sports injuries to dermatological conditions such as alopecia, skin rejuvenation, and scar revision. PRP's primary physiological roles include promoting cellular proliferation, enhancing matrix formation, regulating inflammation, and stimulating angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. The mechanism of action of PRP involves the release of growth factors upon platelet activation, which then interact with cellular receptors to initiate a cascade of biological processes that support tissue repair and regeneration. These processes include anti-apoptotic effects, immunological modulation, and antioxidant activities. Pharmacokinetic properties of PRP are not well-defined due to its autologous nature and localized application, making traditional pharmacokinetic parameters like half-life and metabolism less applicable. Clinically, PRP is used in various medical fields, including dermatology, orthopedics, and surgery, with researchers observing its effectiveness in conditions such as osteoarthritis, tendinopathies, and wound healing. However, large randomized clinical trials are limited, and the regulatory standing of PRP varies by region, often categorized as a medical procedure rather than a drug.

Chemical profile

Chemische Struktur

Chemical structure of Platelet-Rich Plasma
FormelC5H13O14P3
Molekulargewicht390.07g/mol
CAS-Nummer7540-64-9
PubChem CID7339
Mechanism

Wirkmechanismus

PRP acts primarily through the release of growth factors from activated platelets, which bind to specific receptors on target cells. This interaction triggers signaling pathways that promote cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration, contributing to its therapeutic effects in wound healing and tissue repair.

Mechanism

Signalweg

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) exerts its effects primarily through the binding of growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), to their respective receptors on target cells, activating signaling pathways like the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. These signaling cascades promote cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, and tissue remodeling, contributing to wound healing and regenerative processes. While the precise mechanisms are still being elucidated, PRP's anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects are also attributed to its modulation of cytokine release and reduction of apoptosis in various cell types.

Half-Life & Pharmacokinetics

PRP is typically applied locally and does not follow traditional pharmacokinetic profiles.

Storage

Temperature

Refrigerate at 2-8C

Light

Protect from light

Form

Aqueous solution: use within a few hours after preparation

Notes

PRP should be used shortly after preparation to maintain efficacy.

Solubility

Löslichkeit

PRP is an aqueous solution, relevant to its formulation and application.

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Data limited

🇺🇸US

PRP is not FDA-approved as a drug but is used as a medical procedure; not scheduled by DEA.

🇦🇺AU

Data limited

🇬🇧UK

Data limited

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

Open Questions

Offene Forschungsfragen

Current evidence is limited regarding the optimal treatment protocols for platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, particularly in dermatology and musculoskeletal conditions, where standardization is lacking. Further research is needed to resolve conflicting findings in the efficacy of PRP for various tendinopathies and to explore its effects in under-researched areas such as spinal and hand conditions. Additionally, larger randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with long-term follow-up are necessary to establish the safety and effectiveness of PRP across diverse populations and specific medical indications.

74 Research Publications

4,834

Total Citations

14

Human/RCT

4.6

Avg. Influence

2024

Latest

Sort
Filter
#01

Principles and Methods of Preparation of Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Review and Author's Perspective.

ReviewInfluence55.0
930
The review demonstrated that confusion over platelet-rich plasma (PRP) terminology and preparation methods complicates its clinical application and standardization.
#02

A Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma: History, Biology, Mechanism of Action, and Classification.

Alves Rubina & Grimalt Ramon · Skin appendage disorders · 2018

ReviewInfluence29.0
634
The review demonstrated that understanding the biology and mechanisms of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can enhance its application in diverse medical fields.

Key findings

  1. 01PRP is derived from a patient's own blood and has a higher concentration of platelets.
  2. 02It is used for tissue regeneration, scar revision, and treating hair loss.
  3. 03Understanding PRP's biology and classification can improve its clinical use.
#03

Current Clinical Recommendations for Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma.

Le Adrian D K, et al. · Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2018

ReviewInfluence11.0
346
Researchers observed that evidence supports the use of leukocyte-rich PRP for lateral epicondylitis and leukocyte-poor PRP for knee osteoarthritis, while efficacy varies for other conditions.

Key findings

  1. 01LR-PRP is effective for lateral epicondylitis.
  2. 02LP-PRP shows promise for knee osteoarthritis.
  3. 03Insufficient evidence exists for PRP in rotator cuff injuries and Achilles tendinopathy.
#04

Platelet-rich plasma therapy - future or trend?

ReviewInfluence11.0
282
The study demonstrated that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has potential as a therapeutic approach for chronic musculoskeletal injuries, though further research is needed to understand its mechanisms of action.
#05

Platelet-Rich Plasma.

Wu Peter I-Kung, et al. · Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America · 2016

ReviewInfluence4.0
180
Researchers observed that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) offers a regenerative stimulus through high concentrations of growth factors, but further research is needed to clarify its therapeutic potential.

Key findings

  1. 01PRP contains a higher concentration of platelets than normal blood, which may aid in healing.
  2. 02It shows promise in treating musculoskeletal injuries.
  3. 03There are still limitations in understanding its full effectiveness and areas for future study.
#06

Applications of the regenerative capacity of platelets in modern medicine.

ReviewInfluence1.0
179
Researchers observed that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains growth factors crucial for wound healing and has expanded applications across multiple medical fields.
#07

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): methodological aspects and clinical applications.

ReviewInfluence4.0
176
The study demonstrated that the clinical use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is hindered by a lack of standardization in preparation techniques and insufficient studies on optimal platelet concentrations.
#08

Evidence-based indications of platelet-rich plasma therapy.

ReviewInfluence3.0
154
The review demonstrated that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an effective therapeutic option for various medical conditions, although large randomized clinical trials are limited.
#09

Platelet-rich plasma therapy and reproductive medicine.

ReviewInfluence5.0
138
Researchers observed that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may enhance endometrial receptivity and follicular growth in assisted reproduction cycles, although mechanisms remain poorly understood.
#10

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP): Current Applications in Dermatology.

Emer Jason · Skin therapy letter · 2019

ReviewInfluence1.0
116
Researchers observed that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) shows significant potential in dermatology for applications such as hair restoration and skin rejuvenation, especially when combined with other treatments.

Key findings

  1. 01PRP contains high levels of platelets and growth factors.
  2. 02PRP is effective for hair restoration and skin rejuvenation.
  3. 03Combining PRP with other treatments can improve aesthetic outcomes.

Clinical Trials (31)

Preclinical
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Approved

31

Total Trials

5,949

Total Enrolled

A Comparative Study of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Normal Saline Dressings in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds (PRP-NS Wound T)

NCT06849232COMPLETED
Sponsor

Quaid-e-Azam Medical College

Enrollment

156

Started

2024

Primary outcome

Wound Healing Rate

Wound Healing

PRP in Recurrent Implantation Failure

NCT04085783COMPLETED
Sponsor

Dr. Kamal Rageh

Enrollment

150

Started

2017

Primary outcome

Number of Participants with positive pregnancy test

Recurrent Implantation Failure

PRP vs HA Intra-articular Knee Injections for Cartilage Defects

Sponsor

Shetty-Kim Research Foundation

Enrollment

100

Started

2014

Primary outcome

Clinical outcome

Osteoarthritis

Evaluation of Arthrocentesis With and Without PRP Injection in Patients With Disc Displacement With Reduction.

NCT05983653COMPLETED
Sponsor

Cairo University

Enrollment

74

Started

2023

Primary outcome

TMJ pain

TMJ Disc Disorder

Genicular Nerve and Intra-articular Radiofrequency Versus Platelet Rich Plasma Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis

Sponsor

Mansoura University

Enrollment

70

Started

2017

Primary outcome

Pain score

Chronic Knee Osteoarthritis

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Treatment: Surgery Vs. Injections

NCT06852131COMPLETED
Sponsor

Ankara University

Enrollment

68

Started

2022

Primary outcome

Electrophysiological studies

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

Efficacy of Intralesional PRP +/- Topical Silymarin in the Treatment of Melasma

Sponsor

Sohag University

Enrollment

60

Started

2022

Primary outcome

Improvement in mMASI SCORE

Melasma

Corticosteroid Versus PRP Injections for Shoulder Tendinopathy

NCT07094178RECRUITING
Sponsor

Hopital Charles Nicolle

Enrollment

60

Started

2025

Primary outcome

Change in pain intensity measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

Tendinopathy of Rotator Cuff

Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) One-Shot Injection For Supraspinatus Tendinosis

NCT04851951COMPLETED
Sponsor

Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari

Enrollment

48

Started

2018

Primary outcome

Change in Visual Analogic Scale

Supraspinatus Tendinitis

Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus With Corticosteroid Ointment, Calcineurin Inhibitor Ointment, and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy.

NCT07240389NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Sponsor

Milosz Pietrus

Enrollment

45

Started

2025

Primary outcome

Change in DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) Score

Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus

Trial for Treating Painful Degenerative Disc Disease

NCT05287867RECRUITING
Sponsor

Regenexx, LLC

Enrollment

42

Started

2022

Primary outcome

Numeric Pain Scale (NPS)

Degenerative Disc Disease

The Effects of Intra-articular and Peri-articular Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) Injections ın Chronic Knee Osteoarthritis

NCT07339137RECRUITING
Sponsor

Ankara City Hospital Bilkent

Enrollment

42

Started

2025

Primary outcome

VAS (Visual Analog Scale)

Platelet Rich Plasma InjectionUltrasonographyGonarthrosis

PRP Regenerative Endodontics vs. Root Canal Treatment for Post-Op Pain and Healing in Mature Teeth

NCT07124962COMPLETED
Sponsor

HITEC-Institute of Medical Sciences

Enrollment

41

Started

2024

Primary outcome

Post-operative Pain Score

Irreversible Pulpitis With Apical Periodontitis

Intra-articular Platelet-Rich Plasma for Acetabular Labral Tears

NCT06332352COMPLETED
Sponsor

University of Utah

Enrollment

30

Started

2024

Primary outcome

Global Assessment Score

Acetabular Labrum Tear

Platelet Rich Plasma in Healing of Through and Through Periradicular Lesions

Sponsor

Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences Rohtak

Enrollment

30

Started

2016

Primary outcome

CHANGE IN PERIAPICAL RADIOLUCENCY ON RADIOGRAPH

Periapical Lesions

PRP as Adjuvant Treatment to CTR for Severe CTS Tunnel Syndrome

NCT04811287TERMINATED
Sponsor

Michael Fredericson, MD

Enrollment

15

Started

2021

Primary outcome

Number of Participants With Severe or Very Severe Symtoms as Measured by the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire

Carpal Tunnel SyndromePRP

A Trial Comparing Three Orthobiologic Therapies on Atrophied Multifidus Muscles in Patients With Low Back Pain

NCT03618979TERMINATED
Sponsor

Regenexx, LLC

Enrollment

8

Started

2019

Primary outcome

Post-treatment MRI

Low Back Pain

Autologous Fat Grafting With PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma) to Anophthalmic Sockets

NCT01712555COMPLETED
Sponsor

Fox, Donald Munro, M.D., P.C.

Enrollment

5

Started

2011

Primary outcome

Improved retention of autologous fat injected into anophthalmic sockets

Orbital Atrophy

Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Combined With Platelet-rich Plasma in the Treatment of Chronic Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy

NCT06384859Phase 4NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Sponsor

Mahidol University

Enrollment

94

Started

2024

Primary outcome

VAS

Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy

Platelet-rich Plasma Versus Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement

NCT02920177Phase 4TERMINATED
Sponsor

University of Michigan

Enrollment

4

Started

2016

Primary outcome

Change From Baseline in Pain Score on the Visual Analog Scale

Femoroacetabular Impingement

The Effect of Platelet-rich Plasma in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee

NCT01926327Phase 3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Royan Institute

Enrollment

150

Started

2013

Primary outcome

pain

Osteoarthritis

Platelet-rich Plasma Intra-articular Knee Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis

NCT01381081Phase 3COMPLETED
Sponsor

Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Research Institute

Enrollment

74

Started

2011

Primary outcome

The value of the visual analogue scale pain (VAS)

Knee Osteoarthritis

Efficacy and Safety of Platelet-rich Plasma, Metformin and Cryotherapy in Treatment of Non-genital Warts

NCT06691542Phase 2/3NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Sponsor

Assiut University

Enrollment

108

Started

2024

Primary outcome

Complete resolution of the wart(s) by disappearance of the wart and return of the normal skin markings

Non-Genital Warts

Elimination of Odor and Treatment of Malodorous Recalcitrant Wounds by Using Supraz and PRP-FG Versus Standard of Care

NCT05983302Phase 2/3UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Enrollment

40

Started

2023

Primary outcome

Wound Odor Change

Wounds and Injuries

Safety & Effectiveness of Autologous Regenerative Cell Therapy on Pain & Inflammation of Osteoarthritis of the Hip

NCT02844764Phase 2RECRUITING
Sponsor

VivaTech International, Inc.

Enrollment

4,000

Started

2015

Primary outcome

Change is being assessed for the HOOS survey (Hip Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores)

Osteoarthritis

Association of Photobiomodulation With Platelet Rich Plasma Intradermal Injection for Facial Rejuvenation

NCT04145999Phase 2UNKNOWN
Sponsor

University of Nove de Julho

Enrollment

96

Started

2020

Primary outcome

Change in Photographic Analysis

Wrinkle

Persistent Pleural Effusion Treatment Following Cardiothoracic Surgery by Platelet-Fibrin Glue

NCT06449131Phase 2COMPLETED
Sponsor

Daryoush Hamidi Alamdari, PhD

Enrollment

19

Started

2017

Primary outcome

The rate of air leak that is assessed by Cerfolio classification of the air leak by a single observer

Pleural Effusion

Regenerative Medicine for Joint Hypermobility and Instability

NCT07688096Phase 1/2NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Sponsor

Manhattan Pain Medicine, PLLC

Enrollment

100

Started

2026

Primary outcome

Global Percentage of Improvement (GPI) Responder Rate After Dextrose Prolotherapy

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Hypermobility Type (hEDS)Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)Joint HypermobilityJoint InstabilityHypermobility Spectrum DisorderChronic Pain SyndromeMusculoskeletal PainSprainSubluxationDislocationCraniocervical Disfunction

Use of Platelet Rich Plasma from Cord Blood Vs Placebo in the Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus

NCT06661382Phase 1/2RECRUITING
Sponsor

Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico

Enrollment

100

Started

2023

Primary outcome

Patient satisfaction in treatment group vs placebo group

Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus

Prospective Evaluation of PRP and BMC Treatment to Accelerate Healing After ACL Reconstruction

NCT04205656Phase 1/2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Sponsor

Steadman Philippon Research Institute

Enrollment

45

Started

2020

Primary outcome

Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events

Osteoarthritis, Knee

Radiofrequency, Perineural Injection, Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

NCT05053477Phase 1UNKNOWN
Sponsor

Alexandria University

Enrollment

75

Started

2018

Primary outcome

Evaluate the role of pulsed radiofrequency versus platelet rich plasma injection in treatment of idiopathic mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

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This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer