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AOD-9604

Anti-Obesity Drug 9604 · hGH Fragment 176-191

Metabolic & WeightPreclinical
From$5.00/mgCompare prices
MW
1815.1g/mol
Formula
C78H123N23O23S2

AOD-9604 is a synthetic peptide derived from the C-terminus of human growth hormone, classified as a growth hormone secretagogue. Researchers primarily study it for its potential applications in obesity management and metabolic regulation. Key findings from various studies suggest that AOD-9604 may enhance adipose tissue breakdown and activate insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathways, which are critical for metabolic processes. Additionally, preclinical evidence indicates its role in promoting tissue regeneration and recovery in musculoskeletal contexts. Currently, AOD-9604 is undergoing clinical trials to further evaluate its safety and efficacy in these areas.

Chemical Profile

Chemical Profile

Chemical structure
Chemical Structure
FormulaC78H123N23O23S2
Molecular Weight1815.1 g/mol
CAS Number221231-10-3
PubChem CID71300630

Half-Life

SCSubcutaneous

~4 hours

INIntranasal

Not applicable

POOral

Poor bioavailability

Subcutaneous administration is preferred due to better bioavailability compared to other routes.

Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

AOD-9604, a fragment of human growth hormone, primarily acts by stimulating the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), leading to increased activation of the IGF-1 signaling pathway. This activation promotes lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis, facilitating adipose tissue breakdown and influencing metabolic processes related to obesity. While the precise molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, it is suggested that AOD-9604 may also modulate pathways involved in energy homeostasis and fat metabolism.

Research

11 Research Publications

200

Total Citations

5

Human/RCT

1.0

Avg. Influence

2026

Latest

Sort
Filter
#01

Obesity drugs in clinical development.

Halford Jason C G · Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000) · 2006

ReviewInfluence1.0
80
The study demonstrated that AOD-9604, a human growth hormone fragment, increases adipose tissue breakdown and is among several anti-obesity drugs in clinical development.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers found a variety of drug types in development, including those that act on the brain and hormones related to appetite.
  2. 02Some drugs aim to block fat absorption, while others increase the breakdown of fat in the body.
  3. 03Only rimonabant has reached the final phase of clinical trials among the drugs reviewed.
PubMed
#02

Analytical approaches for the detection of emerging therapeutics and non-approved drugs in human doping controls.

Thevis Mario & Schänzer Wilhelm · Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis · 2014

ReviewInfluence1.0
47
The study demonstrated that emerging analytical strategies are essential for detecting a growing number of performance-enhancing substances, including AOD-9604, in human doping controls.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers observed a growing number of performance-enhancing substances, including both approved and designer drugs.
  2. 02The review highlighted various analytical strategies for detecting these substances in human blood and urine.
  3. 03Specific challenges related to the detection of different types of compounds, such as their physicochemical properties and metabolism, were discussed.
10 mgsubcutaneous(horse)10 mgsubcutaneous(horse)
PubMed
#03

Simplifying and expanding the screening for peptides <2 kDa by direct urine injection, liquid chromatography, and ion mobility mass spectrometry.

In Vitro
38
Researchers observed that a new method using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry effectively detects low-molecular-mass peptides, including AOD-9604, in urine samples.
10 mgsubcutaneous(horse)10 mgsubcutaneous(horse)
PubMed
#04

Detecting peptidic drugs, drug candidates and analogs in sports doping: current status and future directions.

Thevis Mario, et al. · Expert review of proteomics · 2014

Review
26
The study demonstrated that advanced analytical methods are required to detect peptidic drugs like AOD-9604 in sports doping controls, ensuring specificity and sensitivity.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers found that various advanced methods, including chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques, are essential for detecting low concentrations of peptidic drugs.
  2. 02The study identified a range of peptidic compounds, from low to high molecular mass, that are commonly misused in sports.
  3. 03Despite technological advancements, there is still a need to enhance the practical application of these detection methods in everyday sports drug testing.
10 mgsubcutaneous(horse)10 mgsubcutaneous(horse)
PubMed
#05

Human Growth Hormone Fragment 176-191 Peptide Enhances the Toxicity of Doxorubicin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.

Habibullah Mahmoud M, et al. · Drug design, development and therapy · 2022

Human
5
Researchers found that combining a specific peptide with doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles significantly improved the drug's effectiveness against breast cancer cells. This dual-loaded approach not only enhanced the targeting of cancer cells but also showed potential to reduce side effects on healthy tissues. The study suggests a promising strategy for more effective cancer treatment.

Key findings

  1. 01The addition of the hGH fragment 176-191 peptide improved doxorubicin's binding to breast cancer receptors.
  2. 02Dual-loaded Chitosan nanoparticles demonstrated greater anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells compared to doxorubicin alone.
  3. 03This method may enhance the anticancer potency of doxorubicin while minimizing harmful effects on non-cancerous tissues.
PubMed
#06

AOD-9604 Metabolic.

Wilding John · Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000) · 2004

Human
2
The study demonstrated that AOD-9604 is being developed for obesity treatment, with phase IIa trials initiated by February 2002.

Key findings

  1. 01AOD-9604 is a compound being studied for its potential effects on obesity.
  2. 02The research is being conducted by Metabolic, a company focused on metabolic health.
  3. 03Phase IIa trials for AOD-9604 began in February 2002, marking a significant step in its development.
PubMed
#07

Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Rahman Omar F, et al. · Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2026

Review
1
Researchers observed that therapeutic peptides, including AOD-9604, can modulate key molecular signaling pathways to enhance tissue regeneration and recovery in orthopaedic injuries.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers found that peptides like BPC-157 and TB-500 promote tissue regeneration and healing.
  2. 02The study noted that growth hormone secretagogues can activate pathways important for muscle repair.
  3. 03Researchers observed that neuroactive peptides may enhance brain function related to recovery and neuroplasticity.
1 mgsubcutaneously(mouse)5 times a week0.1 microgdaily(rat)5 times a week from the age of 4 months1 microgramsubcutaneously(mouse)for 5 consecutive days
PubMed
#08

Gateways to clinical trials.

Bayes M, et al. · Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology · 2003

Review
1
Researchers observed that the guide summarizes recent clinical trials, including those involving AOD-9604, focusing on various drug candidates in development.

Key findings

  1. 01The study includes data on numerous drugs, such as Abarelix, Bevacizumab, and Duloxetine, among others.
  2. 02Researchers observed that the trials cover a diverse array of health issues, indicating ongoing advancements in medical research.
  3. 03The findings provide insights into the latest developments in drug discovery and clinical testing.
PubMed
#09

Gateways to clinical trials.

Bayés M, et al. · Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology · 2005

Human
Researchers observed a comprehensive overview of recent clinical trials focusing on various drugs, including treatments for conditions like diabetes, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. The study highlights a wide range of investigational therapies currently being explored in clinical settings.

Key findings

  1. 01The study compiled data from numerous clinical trials to provide insights into new drug developments.
  2. 02A diverse selection of drugs was included, targeting various health conditions.
  3. 03The findings serve as a resource for understanding ongoing research in the field of drug discovery.
PubMed
#10

Gateways to clinical trials.

Bayés M, et al. · Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology · 2003

Human
This study provides an overview of recent clinical trials focusing on various drugs currently being researched. Researchers observed a wide range of medications, including those for conditions like cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases, highlighting their potential roles in future treatments.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers observed trials for drugs such as alemtuzumab and bortezomib, which are being studied for their effects on cancer.
  2. 02The study highlighted ongoing research into medications like liraglutide and duloxetine, aimed at managing diabetes and depression, respectively.
  3. 03A diverse selection of drugs, including anti-inflammatory and antiviral agents, was reviewed, showcasing the breadth of current clinical research.
PubMed
Safety

Safety & Handling

Research Gaps

No comprehensive clinical trials assessing the long-term safety and efficacy of AOD-9604 in humans have been published, leaving its potential side effects and optimal dosing regimens unclear. Additionally, the precise mechanisms by which AOD-9604 influences adipose tissue breakdown and metabolic pathways remain inadequately defined, necessitating further investigation.

Solubility

AOD-9604 is soluble in water and aqueous buffers.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized

Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C

Reconstituted

Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C

Avoid

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light

Solvent

Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended

Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.

Legal Status

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

Not approved by the FDA for therapeutic use. Not scheduled by the DEA.

🇦🇺AU

Listed as a Schedule 4 substance by the TGA, indicating it is a prescription-only medicine.

🇬🇧UK

Not approved by the MHRA for medicinal use. Available for research purposes only.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

Community Insights

Community Insights

Publications per Year

7 total
1
03
1
04
1
06
2
14
1
16
1
26
Pricing

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Mechanism

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Mechanism

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Legal Disclaimer

This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer