Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is an endogenous glycoprotein hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It belongs to the class of pituitary and trophic hormones and is crucial for reproductive processes. FSH is also available in synthetic forms, such as Gonal-F and Follistim, which are used in clinical settings. The hormone is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, with the beta subunit conferring its specific biological activity. Researchers have extensively studied FSH for its role in reproductive health and fertility treatments. FSH primarily regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation, and reproductive processes of the body. In females, it stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles, while in males, it is essential for spermatogenesis. Research areas include its role in assisted reproductive technologies and its potential implications in treating infertility. FSH exerts its effects by binding to the FSH receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor located on the surface of target cells in the ovaries and testes. This binding activates the adenylate cyclase pathway, leading to an increase in cyclic AMP levels and subsequent activation of protein kinase A, which mediates the hormone's biological effects. The pharmacokinetic properties of FSH vary depending on its form. Endogenously, FSH has a circulating half-life of approximately 3-4 hours. Synthetic forms, such as those used in fertility treatments, may have different half-lives based on their formulation. Researchers have found that the bioavailability and metabolism of FSH can vary with the route of administration. Clinically, FSH is used in fertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and ovulation induction. It is regulated as a prescription medication in many countries, with specific guidelines for its use in reproductive medicine. Researchers continue to explore its potential applications and regulatory considerations in various therapeutic contexts.