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AOD-9604

Metabolic & Weight
Anti-Obesity Drug 9604hGH Fragment 176-191

Overview

AOD-9604, also known as Anti-Obesity Drug 9604 or hGH Fragment 176-191, is a synthetic peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human growth hormone (hGH). It consists of a sequence of 15 amino acids (176-191) and was initially developed to harness the fat-reducing properties of hGH without the associated muscle growth effects. The peptide is synthesized using standard solid-phase peptide synthesis techniques, allowing for precise control over its structure and purity. Researchers have primarily investigated AOD-9604 in the context of obesity and metabolic disorders. Studies have shown that it may promote lipolysis and inhibit lipogenesis, leading to reduced body fat in animal models. Additionally, it has been explored for its potential to improve lipid profiles and glucose metabolism, although human data is limited. The mechanism of action of AOD-9604 involves the activation of beta-3 adrenergic receptors, which are known to play a role in fat metabolism. This activation leads to increased breakdown of fat cells and reduced formation of new fat deposits. Unlike full-length hGH, AOD-9604 does not appear to significantly affect insulin levels or muscle growth pathways. Pharmacokinetic studies of AOD-9604 indicate a relatively short half-life, with rapid absorption and clearance from the body. The peptide is stable under physiological conditions, but its bioavailability varies depending on the route of administration. Subcutaneous injection is the most common method, with other routes being less effective. As of now, AOD-9604 is not approved as a therapeutic agent by major regulatory bodies. It is primarily available for research purposes, and its use in clinical settings is limited. Researchers continue to explore its potential benefits and safety profile, but more comprehensive human trials are needed to establish its efficacy and regulatory approval.

Mechanism of Action

AOD-9604 primarily acts through the activation of beta-3 adrenergic receptors, which are involved in the regulation of fat metabolism. This activation promotes lipolysis, the breakdown of fats, and inhibits lipogenesis, the formation of new fat cells, without significantly affecting other growth hormone pathways.

Molecular Data

FormulaC78H123N23O23S2
Molecular Weight1815.1 g/mol
CAS Number221231-10-3
PubChem CID71300630

Half-Life

Subcutaneous~4 hours
IntranasalNot applicable
OralPoor bioavailability

Subcutaneous administration is preferred due to better bioavailability compared to other routes.

Storage

Lyophilized

Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C

Reconstituted

Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C

Avoid

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light

Solvent

Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended

Solubility

AOD-9604 is soluble in water and aqueous buffers.

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

Not approved by the FDA for therapeutic use. Not scheduled by the DEA.

🇦🇺AU

Listed as a Schedule 4 substance by the TGA, indicating it is a prescription-only medicine.

🇬🇧UK

Not approved by the MHRA for medicinal use. Available for research purposes only.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

8 Research Publications

Human Growth Hormone Fragment 176-191 Peptide Enhances the Toxicity of Doxorubicin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.

Human

Drug design, development and therapy · 2022

Researchers found that combining a specific peptide with doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles significantly improved the drug's effectiveness against breast cancer cells. This dual-loaded approach not only enhanced the targeting of cancer cells but also showed potential to reduce side effects on healthy tissues. The study suggests a promising strategy for more effective cancer treatment.

  • The addition of the hGH fragment 176-191 peptide improved doxorubicin's binding to breast cancer receptors.
  • Dual-loaded Chitosan nanoparticles demonstrated greater anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells compared to doxorubicin alone.
  • This method may enhance the anticancer potency of doxorubicin while minimizing harmful effects on non-cancerous tissues.
PubMed

Detecting peptidic drugs, drug candidates and analogs in sports doping: current status and future directions.

Unknown

Expert review of proteomics · 2014

Researchers studied the detection of peptidic drugs and their analogs in sports doping, highlighting the advancements in analytical techniques for identifying these substances in athletes' biological samples. They noted that while detection methods have improved, there remains a gap between technical capabilities and practical application in routine testing.

  • Researchers found that various advanced methods, including chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques, are essential for detecting low concentrations of peptidic drugs.
  • The study identified a range of peptidic compounds, from low to high molecular mass, that are commonly misused in sports.
  • Despite technological advancements, there is still a need to enhance the practical application of these detection methods in everyday sports drug testing.
PubMed

Analytical approaches for the detection of emerging therapeutics and non-approved drugs in human doping controls.

Review

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis · 2014

Researchers reviewed recent literature on new and non-approved drugs used for performance enhancement in sports. They found that the variety of these substances is increasing, driven by both pharmaceutical advancements and illicit drug production. The study emphasizes the need for improved detection methods in doping controls to keep up with these emerging threats.

  • Researchers observed a growing number of performance-enhancing substances, including both approved and designer drugs.
  • The review highlighted various analytical strategies for detecting these substances in human blood and urine.
  • Specific challenges related to the detection of different types of compounds, such as their physicochemical properties and metabolism, were discussed.
PubMed

Obesity drugs in clinical development.

Review

Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000) · 2006

Researchers observed that several new anti-obesity drugs are in clinical development, targeting different mechanisms to help manage weight. These include drugs that affect brain signals, hormones related to hunger, fat absorption, and even a growth hormone fragment. Currently, only one drug, rimonabant, has completed advanced clinical trials.

  • Researchers found a variety of drug types in development, including those that act on the brain and hormones related to appetite.
  • Some drugs aim to block fat absorption, while others increase the breakdown of fat in the body.
  • Only rimonabant has reached the final phase of clinical trials among the drugs reviewed.
PubMed

Gateways to clinical trials.

Human

Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology · 2005

Researchers observed a comprehensive overview of recent clinical trials focusing on various drugs, including treatments for conditions like diabetes, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. The study highlights a wide range of investigational therapies currently being explored in clinical settings.

  • The study compiled data from numerous clinical trials to provide insights into new drug developments.
  • A diverse selection of drugs was included, targeting various health conditions.
  • The findings serve as a resource for understanding ongoing research in the field of drug discovery.
PubMed

AOD-9604 Metabolic.

Review

Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000) · 2004

Researchers observed that AOD-9604 is being developed as a potential treatment for obesity. By early 2002, the drug had progressed to phase IIa clinical trials, indicating ongoing research into its effectiveness and safety in managing weight.

  • AOD-9604 is a compound being studied for its potential effects on obesity.
  • The research is being conducted by Metabolic, a company focused on metabolic health.
  • Phase IIa trials for AOD-9604 began in February 2002, marking a significant step in its development.
PubMed

Gateways to clinical trials.

Human

Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology · 2003

Researchers compiled a comprehensive guide to recent clinical trials involving various drugs, focusing on their potential applications in healthcare. This study highlights a wide range of medications currently being investigated for their effectiveness and safety across different conditions.

  • The study includes data on numerous drugs, such as Abarelix, Bevacizumab, and Duloxetine, among others.
  • Researchers observed that the trials cover a diverse array of health issues, indicating ongoing advancements in medical research.
  • The findings provide insights into the latest developments in drug discovery and clinical testing.
PubMed

Gateways to clinical trials.

Human

Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology · 2003

This study provides an overview of recent clinical trials focusing on various drugs currently being researched. Researchers observed a wide range of medications, including those for conditions like cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases, highlighting their potential roles in future treatments.

  • Researchers observed trials for drugs such as alemtuzumab and bortezomib, which are being studied for their effects on cancer.
  • The study highlighted ongoing research into medications like liraglutide and duloxetine, aimed at managing diabetes and depression, respectively.
  • A diverse selection of drugs, including anti-inflammatory and antiviral agents, was reviewed, showcasing the breadth of current clinical research.
PubMed

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This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature. Nothing on this page constitutes medical advice or replaces consultation with a qualified healthcare professional.