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Enclomiphene

Hormonal Axis
Androxaltrans-Clomiphene

Overview

Enclomiphene, also known as Androxal or trans-Clomiphene, is a non-steroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) derived from clomiphene citrate. It is one of the two geometric isomers of clomiphene, the other being zuclomiphene. Enclomiphene is synthesized through the modification of the clomiphene molecule to enhance its specific activity on estrogen receptors. Its chemical structure allows it to interact with estrogen receptors in a way that can modulate the hormonal axis, particularly affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Researchers have primarily investigated enclomiphene for its potential to treat male hypogonadism and infertility. Studies have shown that enclomiphene can increase testosterone levels in men by stimulating the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which in turn stimulate the testes. Unlike testosterone replacement therapy, enclomiphene does not suppress spermatogenesis, making it a promising candidate for treating conditions associated with low testosterone levels. The mechanism of action of enclomiphene involves its binding to estrogen receptors, particularly in the hypothalamus, where it acts as an antagonist. This action blocks the negative feedback of estrogen on the hypothalamus, leading to increased secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to release LH and FSH. These hormones then promote testosterone production in the testes. Enclomiphene exhibits pharmacokinetic properties characterized by oral bioavailability, although specific data on its half-life is limited. It is known to be metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily through feces. The stability of enclomiphene under various conditions has not been extensively documented. Current research on enclomiphene is focused on its efficacy and safety in treating male hypogonadism. It is not yet approved by major regulatory agencies such as the FDA for this indication, and its use remains investigational. Researchers continue to explore its potential benefits and risks in clinical trials to better understand its therapeutic profile.

Mechanism of Action

Enclomiphene acts as an antagonist at estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, blocking estrogen's negative feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This leads to increased secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the pituitary to release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), ultimately increasing testosterone production.

Molecular Data

FormulaC26H28ClNO
Molecular Weight406 g/mol
CAS Number15690-57-0
PubChem CID1548953

Half-Life

IntranasalNot applicable
OralData limited

Enclomiphene is primarily administered orally, and detailed pharmacokinetic data is limited.

Storage

Lyophilized

Data limited

Reconstituted

Data limited

Avoid

Avoid exposure to direct light and moisture

Solvent

Data limited

Solubility

Enclomiphene has limited solubility in water but is more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and DMSO.

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

Not approved by the FDA for therapeutic use. Not scheduled by the DEA.

🇦🇺AU

Not approved by the TGA for therapeutic use.

🇬🇧UK

Not approved by the MHRA for therapeutic use.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

8 Research Publications

Clomiphene or enclomiphene citrate for the treatment of male hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Meta-Analysis

Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2025

Researchers evaluated the effectiveness of clomiphene and enclomiphene, medications known as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), in men with low testosterone levels. They found that SERM therapy significantly increased testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels compared to a placebo, suggesting it could be a viable alternative to testosterone gel.

  • SERM therapy led to a significant increase in total testosterone levels compared to placebo.
  • SERM therapy also improved luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels compared to placebo.
  • There was no significant difference in testosterone levels between SERM therapy and testosterone gel.
PubMed

Safety and efficacy of enclomiphene and clomiphene for hypogonadal men.

Human

Translational andrology and urology · 2024

Researchers studied the effects of two medications, clomiphene and its isomer enclomiphene, on testosterone levels in men with low testosterone. They found that enclomiphene significantly increased testosterone levels while also having fewer reported side effects compared to clomiphene.

  • Enclomiphene resulted in a median testosterone increase of 166.
  • Enclomiphene was associated with a lower rate of adverse events compared to clomiphene.
  • The study suggests enclomiphene as a viable treatment option for men with hypogonadism.
PubMed

Selective modulation of estrogen receptor in obese men with androgen deficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-Analysis

Andrology · 2023

Researchers found that selective estrogen receptor modulators, specifically clomiphene and enclomiphene citrate, can significantly increase testosterone levels in obese men with androgen deficiency. This study suggests these medications may be a safe alternative to traditional testosterone replacement therapy. However, further long-term research is needed to better understand their effects and safety.

  • Researchers observed a significant increase in testosterone levels among men treated with clomiphene and enclomiphene citrate.
  • The study included data from seven studies involving 292 men with obesity-related functional androgen deficiency.
  • Further long-term studies are needed to clarify the safety profile and clinical implications of these treatments.
PubMed

Efficacy of Clomiphene Citrate Versus Enclomiphene Citrate for Male Infertility Treatment: A Retrospective Study.

Unknown

Cureus · 2023

Researchers compared the effects of two medications, clomiphene citrate (CC) and enclomiphene citrate (EC), on testosterone levels and semen quality in men facing infertility and low testosterone. The study aimed to identify which medication might be more effective for improving these conditions.

  • Researchers observed that both CC and EC were used to manage male infertility and hypogonadism.
  • The study analyzed hormone levels and semen parameters in men treated with either medication over a three-month period.
  • Findings indicated differences in the effectiveness of CC and EC, although specific results were not detailed in the abstract.
PubMed

Enclomiphene citrate: A treatment that maintains fertility in men with secondary hypogonadism.

Unknown

Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism · 2019

Researchers studied enclomiphene citrate, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, as a potential treatment for men with secondary hypogonadism. They found that enclomiphene can increase testosterone levels while preserving fertility, unlike traditional testosterone treatments that may suppress fertility.

  • Researchers observed that enclomiphene increases testosterone levels in men with secondary hypogonadism.
  • The study highlighted that enclomiphene stimulates the production of hormones FSH and LH, which are important for fertility.
  • Initial findings suggest that enclomiphene provides the benefits of clomiphene citrate without the negative effects associated with its other isomer, zuclomiphene.
PubMed

Enclomiphene citrate for the treatment of secondary male hypogonadism.

Review

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2016

Researchers observed that enclomiphene citrate, a medication traditionally used for women's fertility issues, may effectively increase testosterone levels in men with secondary hypogonadism. This treatment raises hormones that stimulate testosterone production without harming fertility, making it a potential alternative for men who cannot use traditional testosterone therapy.

  • Enclomiphene citrate raises testosterone levels by increasing luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
  • The treatment does not negatively affect semen quality, preserving male fertility.
  • This study suggests enclomiphene citrate could be a viable option for men with testosterone deficiency who are concerned about fertility.
PubMed

Testosterone Restoration by Enclomiphene Citrate in Men with Secondary Hypogonadism: Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics.

Human

BJU international · 2013

Researchers studied the effects of enclomiphene citrate, an oral medication, on testosterone levels in men with secondary hypogonadism, comparing it to transdermal testosterone. They found that enclomiphene citrate significantly increased testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels, maintaining these effects even after treatment stopped.

  • Enclomiphene citrate consistently raised testosterone levels into the normal range after six weeks of use.
  • Both enclomiphene citrate and transdermal testosterone increased testosterone levels, but they affected other hormones differently.
  • The effects of enclomiphene citrate on testosterone and luteinizing hormone persisted for at least one week after stopping treatment.
PubMed

Enclomiphene, an estrogen receptor antagonist for the treatment of testosterone deficiency in men.

Review

IDrugs : the investigational drugs journal · 2009

Researchers studied enclomiphene, a drug that may help increase testosterone levels in men with low testosterone due to secondary hypogonadism. They found that enclomiphene effectively restores testosterone levels while maintaining testicular health and may also improve blood sugar levels.

  • Enclomiphene significantly increased testosterone levels in men with secondary hypogonadism during clinical trials.
  • The drug showed a favorable effect on fasting plasma glucose levels.
  • Short-term safety data for enclomiphene were comparable to testosterone gels and placebo.
PubMed

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This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature. Nothing on this page constitutes medical advice or replaces consultation with a qualified healthcare professional.