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NMN

Anti-Aging & Longevity
Nicotinamide MononucleotideBeta-NMN

Overview

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN), also known as Beta-NMN, is a nucleotide derived from ribose and nicotinamide. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a crucial coenzyme found in all living cells. NMN is synthesized through the enzymatic reaction of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and is naturally present in small amounts in various foods, including fruits and vegetables. Researchers have been investigating NMN for its potential role in anti-aging and longevity due to its involvement in NAD+ metabolism. Studies have shown that NMN supplementation can enhance NAD+ levels, which decline with age, potentially improving mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. Researchers have observed that NMN may have beneficial effects on age-related conditions, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular health, and neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanism of action of NMN primarily involves its conversion to NAD+, which is essential for various cellular processes, including DNA repair, gene expression regulation, and cellular energy production. NAD+ acts as a substrate for sirtuins, a family of proteins that play a role in aging and longevity. NMN's pharmacokinetic properties include a relatively short half-life, with researchers noting its rapid conversion to NAD+ in tissues. Its stability and bioavailability can vary depending on the route of administration, with oral bioavailability being limited. Current research on NMN is ongoing, with numerous preclinical and clinical studies exploring its potential health benefits. However, NMN is not yet approved as a medicinal product by major regulatory agencies, and its use is primarily confined to research settings.

Mechanism of Action

NMN exerts its effects by serving as a precursor to NAD+, a vital coenzyme involved in redox reactions, DNA repair, and sirtuin activation. It influences pathways related to energy metabolism and cellular repair, contributing to its potential anti-aging effects.

Molecular Data

FormulaC11H15N2O8P
Molecular Weight334.22 g/mol
CAS Number1094-61-7
PubChem CID14180

Half-Life

Intravenous~30 minutes
IntranasalNot applicable
OralPoor bioavailability

NMN is rapidly converted to NAD+ in tissues, impacting its pharmacokinetic profile.

Storage

Lyophilized

Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C

Reconstituted

Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C

Avoid

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light

Solvent

Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended

Solubility

NMN is soluble in water and has limited solubility in organic solvents like DMSO.

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

Not approved by the FDA as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance.

🇦🇺AU

Not listed in the TGA scheduling. Considered a supplement.

🇬🇧UK

Not approved by MHRA as a medicinal product. Considered a supplement.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

10 Research Publications

The Safety and Antiaging Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Human Clinical Trials: an Update.

Review

Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023

Researchers reviewed recent clinical trials on nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a compound linked to antiaging effects. They found that NMN is generally safe for human use and may support healthy aging by boosting levels of a vital molecule called NAD, which declines with age.

  • Researchers observed that NMN supplementation is well-tolerated in human participants.
  • The study noted potential benefits of NMN in increasing NAD levels, which are important for cellular function.
  • Researchers found evidence suggesting that NMN may contribute to healthier aging processes.
PubMed

NAD+ Precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): Potential Dietary Contribution to Health.

Review

Current nutrition reports · 2023

Researchers reviewed the roles of NAD+ precursors, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR), in promoting health. They found that these compounds can boost NAD+ levels, potentially protecting against conditions like diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, and positively influencing gut health.

  • NMN and NR can enhance NAD+ levels in the body, which may help counteract age-related decline and disease.
  • These compounds have shown protective effects against diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and inflammation.
  • NMN and NR are found in various foods, including vegetables, meat, and dairy, and may also be produced by gut bacteria.
PubMed

β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide activates NAD+/SIRT1 pathway and attenuates inflammatory and oxidative responses in the hippocampus regions of septic mice.

Animal

Redox biology · 2023

Researchers found that β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) can protect against memory problems and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the brains of mice suffering from sepsis. The study highlights the role of the NAD+/SIRT1 pathway in these protective effects.

  • Researchers observed reduced levels of NAD+, SIRT1, and PGC-1α in the hippocampus of septic mice, which were restored by NMN treatment.
  • The administration of NMN improved memory performance in tests designed to assess cognitive function.
  • NMN significantly decreased apoptosis and inflammatory responses in the hippocampus of septic mice.
PubMed

The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial.

Human

GeroScience · 2023

Researchers found that β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation significantly increased blood NAD concentrations in healthy middle-aged adults over a 60-day period. The study also observed improvements in physical performance and subjective health assessments, with no safety concerns reported.

  • Blood NAD levels increased significantly in all NMN-treated groups compared to placebo.
  • Participants taking NMN showed greater walking distances in a six-minute walking test compared to those on placebo.
  • Health assessments indicated better overall health in NMN-treated groups compared to placebo.
PubMed

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) as an anti-aging health product - Promises and safety concerns.

Review

Journal of advanced research · 2022

Researchers reviewed the growing interest in nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) as a potential anti-aging health product. They explored its promises for promoting longevity and improving age-related issues, while also addressing safety concerns associated with its use.

  • Researchers observed an increasing demand for anti-aging products as the elderly population rises globally.
  • The study highlighted NMN's potential benefits in supporting cellular health and longevity.
  • Safety concerns regarding NMN's use were also discussed, emphasizing the need for further research.
PubMed

Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women.

Human

Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2021

Researchers studied the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. They found that NMN supplementation improved how muscles respond to insulin, which is important for managing blood sugar levels.

  • Researchers observed that NMN increased muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women.
  • The study suggests that NMN may play a role in improving metabolic health.
  • Findings indicate potential benefits of NMN in addressing insulin resistance related to obesity and aging.
PubMed

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation Reverses the Declining Quality of Maternally Aged Oocytes.

Animal

Cell reports · 2020

Researchers studied the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation on the quality of eggs from older mice. They found that NMN improved the quality of these eggs, which typically decline with age. This suggests a potential avenue for enhancing reproductive health in older females.

  • Researchers observed that NMN supplementation improved the quality of oocytes in naturally aged mice.
  • The study indicates that NMN may help recover levels of a key molecule, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), associated with cellular health.
  • Findings suggest that NMN could be a promising approach to address age-related declines in egg quality.
PubMed

NAD

Unknown

Cell reports · 2020

Researchers studied the effects of aging on female fertility, specifically focusing on the quality of oocytes, which are essential for reproduction. They found that as female mammals age, the quality of these oocytes declines, which is linked to decreasing levels of a key metabolic cofactor called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).

  • Researchers observed that reproductive aging in female mammals leads to a decline in oocyte quality.
  • The study found that this decline in oocyte quality is an irreversible process.
  • Researchers noted that lower levels of NAD are associated with reduced oocyte quality as females age.
PubMed

NAD

Review

Cell metabolism · 2018

This review examined the role of NAD, a vital molecule in our cells, which is involved in energy production and various biological processes. Researchers found that NAD levels can influence health and aging, highlighting its importance in cellular function and metabolism.

  • Researchers observed that NAD is crucial for energy production in cells.
  • The study found that NAD levels decline with age, which may impact overall health.
  • Researchers noted that maintaining NAD levels could be linked to better cellular function.
PubMed

Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice.

Unknown

Cell metabolism · 2016

Researchers studied the effects of long-term administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on aging in mice. They found that NMN can help reduce some of the physiological declines associated with aging, suggesting potential benefits for age-related health.

  • Researchers observed that NMN administration improved energy metabolism in aging mice.
  • The study found that NMN helped maintain muscle strength and function as the mice aged.
  • Researchers noted improvements in overall physiological health markers in the NMN-treated mice compared to those that did not receive it.
PubMed

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This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature. Nothing on this page constitutes medical advice or replaces consultation with a qualified healthcare professional.