Lever
Lifestyle
- Manage stress levels
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Regular exercise
- Adequate sleep
Blutwerte · Marker
Progesteron
Progesterone · P4
Hormone — ReproduktionsachseZeitabhängig
- Einheit:
- ng/mL
- Abbreviation
- P4
Progesterone test quantifies the level of progesterone hormone in the blood, reflecting ovarian function and luteal phase activity.
Reference Ranges
Reference
1.2–15.9ng/mL
1.2
15.9
LowNormalHigh
Reference
Unit · ng/mLRanges vary by menstrual cycle phase and pregnancy status. Non-pregnant women have different ranges compared to pregnant women.
Overview
Übersicht
Progesterone (P4) is a steroid hormone primarily produced in the ovaries, adrenal glands, and placenta. It plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis. In the menstrual cycle, progesterone prepares the endometrium for potential pregnancy after ovulation and supports early stages of pregnancy. Clinically, progesterone is significant in reproductive health, influencing conditions such as menstrual disorders, infertility, and menopause. It is also a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer, with higher expression linked to better outcomes in hormone-positive cancers. In biohacking and athletic contexts, progesterone's role in mood regulation, bone density, and muscle mass may be of interest, although its direct impact on performance is less clear. Researchers have found that progesterone levels can be influenced by factors such as time of day, menstrual cycle phase, and exogenous hormone use, necessitating careful consideration when interpreting results. Confounders such as stress, medications, and health conditions can also affect progesterone levels, making standardized testing protocols essential for accurate assessment.
Klinische Bedeutung
Elevated progesterone levels may indicate pregnancy, ovarian cysts, or adrenal hyperplasia. Reduced levels can suggest luteal phase defects, anovulation, or risk of miscarriage.
Dynamics
Trend Interpretation
Rising Values
Progressively rising progesterone levels may indicate pregnancy or luteal phase support. Re-test if clinical symptoms change.
Falling Values
Falling progesterone levels could suggest luteal phase defects or risk of miscarriage.
Re-test Interval
4 weeks if outside optimal range
Etiology
Causes — High & Low
Cause
Elevated Levels
- Pregnancy
- Ovarian cysts
- Adrenal hyperplasia
- Hormone replacement therapy
- Luteal phase support
Cause
Low Levels
- Luteal phase defect
- Anovulation
- Miscarriage risk
- Hypogonadism
- Adrenal insufficiency
Protocol
How to Optimize
Lever
Nutrition
- Consume healthy fats
- Include zinc-rich foods
- Eat vitamin B6-rich foods
- Ensure adequate protein intake
Lever
Supplementation
- Chasteberry
- Vitamin B6
- Magnesium
- Omega-3 fatty acids
Note:
Consult a healthcare provider before starting any supplementation, especially if pregnant or on hormone therapy.
Testing Guidelines
✓Fasting Not Required
🕐Time-Sensitive
Progesterone levels can vary throughout the day; testing is often done in the morning.
Testing Frequency
Depends on clinical context; may be monitored during fertility treatments.
Interfering Factors
- Oral contraceptives
- Hormone therapy
- Stress
- Recent ovulation
Related Peptides & Hormones
Estradiol
hormoneCorrelated with
Open Research Questions
Current research suggests that robust reference intervals for progesterone in various populations, particularly in women experiencing menopausal symptoms, remain incomplete. Researchers have not yet established optimal targets for progesterone therapy in relation to breast cancer risk, especially when comparing natural progesterone to synthetic progestins. Additionally, unanswered clinical questions include the long-term effects of progesterone on cancer progression and its role in preventing cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
24 Research Publications
574
Total Citations
6
Human/RCT
2.0
Avg. Influence
2025
Latest
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Filter
01Top
#01
Neuroprotection by Estrogen and Progesterone in Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury.
ReviewInfluence4.0
189
This review highlighted the neuroprotective effects of estrogen and progesterone following traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries. Researchers noted that these hormones may improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal apoptosis.
02Top
#02
Estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer.
ReviewInfluence2.0
126
This study examined the significance of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer management. Researchers found that accurate testing of these hormone receptors is vital for patient prognosis and treatment decisions. The study emphasizes the importance of maintaining quality assurance in hormone receptor testing.
03Top
#03
The Role of Progesterone Receptors in Breast Cancer.
ReviewInfluence1.0
104
Researchers found that progesterone receptors play a significant role in breast cancer by modulating estrogen receptor activity. High levels of progesterone receptors are associated with better prognosis in hormone-positive breast cancer. The study highlights the importance of progesterone as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer management.
04
#04
Proteomics-driven noninvasive screening of circulating serum protein panels for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
HumanInfluence2.0
72
This study examined a proteomics approach to identify serum protein biomarkers for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Researchers found that the P4 panel of biomarkers can effectively distinguish between HCC, liver cirrhosis, and healthy individuals, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity. The findings suggest a promising direction for noninvasive cancer screening.
05
#05
Ovulation timing. Concepts and controversies.
ReviewInfluence2.0
29
Researchers found that recent advancements in progesterone assays allow for accurate prediction of ovulation timing in veterinary practice. This development enhances the ability to monitor reproductive cycles in dogs.
06
#06
In Defense of Progesterone: A Review of the Literature.
Meta-AnalysisInfluence1.0
21
This review examined the safety and benefits of natural progesterone compared to synthetic progestins in postmenopausal women. Researchers found that natural progesterone is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer and may be protective against other cancers. The evidence supports the use of natural progesterone without fear of increasing breast cancer risk.
07
#07
New Insights on the Progesterone (P4) and PGRMC1/NENF Complex Interactions in Colorectal Cancer Progression.
In Vitro
10
This study investigated the interactions of progesterone and its receptors in colorectal cancer progression. Researchers found that progesterone treatment increased the proliferation and invasiveness of colorectal cancer cells, suggesting a complex role of progesterone in cancer biology.
08
#08
A Comprehensive Review of Estradiol, Progesterone, Luteinizing Hormone, and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in the Context of Laboratory Medicine to Support Women's Health.
Review
9
Researchers reviewed the roles of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in women's health. The study highlights the lack of robust reference intervals for these hormones, which are crucial for managing menopausal symptoms and hormone therapy. Collaborative efforts are needed to improve hormone measurement standards.
09
#09
Advances in understanding canine pregnancy: Endocrine and morpho-functional regulation.
Animal
8
Researchers studied the role of progesterone in canine pregnancy and found that it is crucial for maintaining pregnancy. They highlighted the importance of progesterone receptor signaling in feto-maternal communication and its implications for reproductive performance.
10
#10
The effect of progesteron for expression delta (δ) opioid receptor spinal cord through peripheral nerve injury.
Animal
3
Researchers examined the effect of progesterone on delta opioid receptor expression in a neuropathic pain model using rats. They found that progesterone significantly increased delta opioid receptor expression in the spinal cord, indicating a potential role in pain modulation.
Publication Trend
Research publications about Progesteron over time
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