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Pinealon

Ala-Glu-Asp · EDR tripeptide

Nootropic & CNSPreclinical
From$0.90/mgCompare prices
MW
418.4g/mol
Formula
C15H26N6O8

Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide composed of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine, classified as a neuroprotective agent. Researchers primarily study Pinealon for its potential effects on cellular viability and neuroprotection, particularly under conditions of oxidative stress and hypoxia. Key findings indicate that Pinealon can suppress reactive oxygen species accumulation and enhance cell survival, while also influencing neurogenesis and reducing neuroinflammatory responses in aged models. Additionally, studies suggest that Pinealon may interact directly with cellular genetic material, potentially modulating gene expression. Current research is ongoing, focusing on its mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative conditions and stress-related disorders.

Chemical Profile

Chemical Profile

Chemical structure
Chemical Structure
FormulaC15H26N6O8
Molecular Weight418.4 g/mol
CAS Number175175-23-2
PubChem CID10273502

Half-Life

POOral

Poor bioavailability

Pharmacokinetic data on Pinealon is limited, and further research is needed to determine its half-life and bioavailability across different administration routes.

Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg) exerts its effects primarily through the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the activation of proliferative processes, influencing signaling pathways such as ERK 1/2 activation and potentially interacting with the cell genome. It has been shown to enhance neurogenesis and reduce neuroinflammatory responses under hypoxic conditions, likely by regulating cytokine levels and caspase-3 activity. Although its precise receptor interactions remain unclear, Pinealon's ability to penetrate cell nuclei suggests it may engage in specific interactions with DNA, potentially influencing gene expression and epigenetic regulation.

Research

14 Research Publications

66

Total Citations

5

Human/RCT

1.7

Avg. Influence

2016

Latest

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#01

Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA.

Fedoreyeva L I, et al. · Biochemistry. Biokhimiia · 2011

In VitroInfluence3.0
32
The study demonstrated that short peptides, including Pinealon, can penetrate the nucleus of HeLa cells and interact specifically with DNA and RNA components.

Key findings

  1. 01Peptides labeled with fluorescence were able to penetrate HeLa cells, highlighting their ability to enter cell nuclei.
  2. 02Different peptides showed varying effects on the fluorescence of DNA, suggesting specific interactions with nucleic acids.
  3. 03Some peptides preferentially bind to DNA sequences associated with cytosine methylation, which may influence gene regulation.
1 mgsubcutaneously(mouse)5 times a week0.1 microgdaily(rat)5 times a week from the age of 4 months1 microgramsubcutaneously(mouse)for 5 consecutive days
PubMed
#02

Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes.

Khavinson V, et al. · Rejuvenation research · 2011

In Vitro
17
The study demonstrated that Pinealon increases cell viability by suppressing reactive oxygen species levels and activating proliferative processes in various cell types.

Key findings

  1. 01Pinealon reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various cell types.
  2. 02The compound decreases necrotic cell death in tested cells.
  3. 03Pinealon affects the cell cycle, indicating a direct interaction with the cell genome.
PubMed
#03

[Neuroprotective effects of peptides bioregulators in people of various age].

ReviewInfluence1.0
7
Researchers observed that short peptides, including Pinealon, exhibit neuroprotective activity in elderly individuals through various cellular and molecular mechanisms.
PubMed
#04

[The peptide correction of neurotic disorders among professional truck-drivers].

Case ReportInfluence1.0
3
The study demonstrated that bioregulating peptides, including Pinealon, improved psychoemotional indices and adaptive potential in professional truck drivers experiencing occupational stress.
PubMed
#05

[Biological activity of regulatory peptides in model experiments in vitro].

In Vitro
3
Researchers observed that short regulatory peptides, including Pinealon, can restrict lipid peroxidation and regulate apoptosis/necrosis in neuronal populations under in vitro conditions.
PubMed
#06

[Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon].

Animal
2
Researchers observed that Pinealon increased neurogenesis and normalized neuroinflammatory responses in old rats under acute hypoxic conditions.
PubMed
#07

[Effect of peptide geroprotectors on the navigation system learning and caspase-3 in brain structures in rats of different age].

Animal
1
The study demonstrated that Pinealon positively influenced learning abilities in rats of different ages by affecting caspase-3 activity in the brain.
PubMed
#08

[EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES ON AGING OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC POLYMORBIDITY AND ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN REMISSION].

Meshchaninov V N, et al. · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2015

Case Report
1
Researchers observed that Pinealon and Vesugen have significant anabolic effects, improving central nervous system activity and slowing biological aging in patients with chronic polymorbidity.

Key findings

  1. 01Both Vesugen and Pinealon demonstrated significant positive effects on the central nervous system and vital organs.
  2. 02Vesugen was found to have a more pronounced effect on slowing biological aging compared to Pinealon.
  3. 03The peptides did not impact the genetic material in cells, suggesting they are safe for use at the nuclear level.
PubMed
#09

[Investigation of antihypoxic properties of short peptides].

Animal
Researchers observed that Pinealon exhibited pronounced antihypoxic properties, enhancing neuronal resistance to hypoxic stress in a model of prenatal hypoxia.
1 mg/kginjection(mouse)not mentioned100 mg/kginjection(mouse)not mentioned5 ng/mlculture media(rat)not mentioned1 microg/mousesubcutaneous(mouse)5 consecutive days every month
PubMed
#10

[Effects of introduction of short peptides before carotid artery occlusion on behaviour and caspase-3 activity in the brain of old rats].

Animal
The study demonstrated that administration of Pinealon before carotid artery occlusion improved survival rates and behavioral performance in old rats.
PubMed
Safety

Safety & Handling

Research Gaps

No randomized controlled human trials involving Pinealon have been conducted to assess its efficacy and safety in humans. Additionally, the long-term effects of Pinealon on human health and its precise mechanisms of action, particularly in relation to its interaction with the cell genome and epigenetic regulation, remain unclear.

Solubility

Pinealon is soluble in water and aqueous solutions.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized

Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C

Reconstituted

Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C

Avoid

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light

Solvent

Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended

Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.

Legal Status

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

Not approved by the FDA. Not scheduled by the DEA.

🇦🇺AU

Not listed in the TGA schedules.

🇬🇧UK

Not approved as a medicinal product by the MHRA.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

Community Insights

Community Insights

Publications per Year

14 total
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08
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26
Pricing

Price Comparison

  • BESTUmbrella LabsUS
    100mg
    $89.99
    Price/mg
    $0.90/mg
    View
  • Peptide CraftersUS
    25mg
    $55.00
    Price/mg
    $2.20/mg
    View
  • Verified PeptidesUS
    20mg
    $55.00
    Price/mg
    $2.75/mg
    View
  • RCpeptidesEU
    20mg
    $59.40
    Price/mg
    $2.97/mg
    View
  • Soma ChemsUS
    20mg
    $64.99
    Price/mg
    $3.25/mg
    View

Top 5 of 27 offers from 23 vendors. Prices updated daily.

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Mechanism

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Mechanism

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Legal Disclaimer

This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer