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Pinealon

Ala-Glu-Asp · EDR tripeptide

Nootropic & CNSPreclinical
From$0.90/mgCompare prices
MW
418.4g/mol
Formula
C15H26N6O8

Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide composed of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine (Glu-Asp-Arg), classified as a regulatory peptide. Researchers primarily study Pinealon for its potential neuroprotective and antioxidant properties, particularly in the context of oxidative stress and hypoxic conditions. Key findings indicate that Pinealon can suppress the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and enhance cell viability, while also modulating cell cycle processes and stimulating internal antioxidative enzyme systems. Additionally, studies suggest that Pinealon may penetrate cellular nuclei and interact with DNA, potentially influencing gene activity. Current research is ongoing to further elucidate its mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications, although clinical trials remain limited.

Chemical Profile

Chemical Profile

Chemical structure
Chemical Structure
FormulaC15H26N6O8
Molecular Weight418.4 g/mol
CAS Number175175-23-2
PubChem CID10273502

Half-Life

POOral

Poor bioavailability

Pharmacokinetic data on Pinealon is limited, and further research is needed to determine its half-life and bioavailability across different administration routes.

Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg) exerts its effects primarily through the modulation of oxidative stress and enhancement of cellular resilience to hypoxic conditions, likely by stimulating internal antioxidant enzyme systems and limiting excitotoxicity via NMDA receptor pathways. It activates signaling pathways such as ERK 1/2, influencing cell cycle progression and promoting cell viability by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Additionally, pinealon demonstrates the ability to penetrate the nucleus and interact with DNA, suggesting a potential role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, although the precise mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.

Research

14 Research Publications

67

Total Citations

5

Human/RCT

1.7

Avg. Influence

2016

Latest

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#01

Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA.

Fedoreyeva L I, et al. · Biochemistry. Biokhimiia · 2011

HumanInfluence3.0
33
The study demonstrated that fluorescein-labeled epithalon penetrated HeLa cells and interacted with nucleic acids, suggesting its potential role in regulating gene activity.

Key findings

  1. 01Peptides labeled with fluorescence were able to penetrate HeLa cells, highlighting their ability to enter cell nuclei.
  2. 02Different peptides showed varying effects on the fluorescence of DNA, suggesting specific interactions with nucleic acids.
  3. 03Some peptides preferentially bind to DNA sequences associated with cytosine methylation, which may influence gene regulation.
1 mgsubcutaneously(mouse)5 times a week from the 2nd month of life to death0.1 microg dailynot mentioned(rat)5 times a week from the age of 4 months1 microgramsubcutaneously(mouse)for 5 consecutive days starting from the 2nd month of life
PubMed
#02

Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes.

Khavinson V, et al. · Rejuvenation research · 2011

Animal
17
The study demonstrated that pinealon increases cell viability by reducing reactive oxygen species levels and activating proliferative processes in cerebellar granule cells, neutrophils, and PC12 cells.

Key findings

  1. 01Pinealon reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various cell types.
  2. 02The compound decreases necrotic cell death in tested cells.
  3. 03Pinealon affects the cell cycle, indicating a direct interaction with the cell genome.
PubMed
#03

[Neuroprotective effects of peptides bioregulators in people of various age].

ReviewInfluence1.0
7
Researchers observed that peptide neuroprotective agents, including pinealon, exhibit significant neuroprotective activity in elderly populations.
5, 50, 150, and 450 μg/kgintraperitoneal(Wistar male rats)12-15 min before modeling restraint stress0.05 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rats)not mentioned5, 15, 50, 150, and 450 μg/kgintraperitoneal(rats)not mentioned6000 mcg/daynot mentioned(patients)for 10 days with 20 day interval16, 40, and 400 pgintracerebroventricular(rats)not mentioned
PubMed
#04

[Biological activity of regulatory peptides in model experiments in vitro].

Animal
3
The study demonstrated that short regulatory peptides, including pinealon, can restrict lipid peroxidation and regulate apoptosis/necrosis in neuronal populations.
PubMed
#05

[The peptide correction of neurotic disorders among professional truck-drivers].

HumanInfluence1.0
3
The study demonstrated that the application of pinealon and vezugen restored adaptive potential and improved psychoemotional indices in lorry drivers experiencing occupational stress.
PubMed
#06

[Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon].

Animal
2
The study demonstrated that pinealon reduces neuroinflammatory reactions and increases neurogenesis in old rats under hypoxic conditions.
PubMed
#07

[Effect of peptide geroprotectors on the navigation system learning and caspase-3 in brain structures in rats of different age].

Unknown
1
The study demonstrated that pinealon positively affects learning abilities in rats of different ages, influencing caspase-3 activity in the brain.
PubMed
#08

[EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES ON AGING OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC POLYMORBIDITY AND ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN REMISSION].

Meshchaninov V N, et al. · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2015

Human
1
The study demonstrated that pinealon and vesugen have significant anabolic effects, improving central nervous system activity in patients with chronic polymorbidity and organic brain syndrome.

Key findings

  1. 01Both Vesugen and Pinealon demonstrated significant positive effects on the central nervous system and vital organs.
  2. 02Vesugen was found to have a more pronounced effect on slowing biological aging compared to Pinealon.
  3. 03The peptides did not impact the genetic material in cells, suggesting they are safe for use at the nuclear level.
PubMed
#09

[Effects of introduction of short peptides before carotid artery occlusion on behaviour and caspase-3 activity in the brain of old rats].

Animal
Researchers observed that the introduction of pinealon before carotid artery occlusion increased survival rates and influenced caspase-3 activity in the brains of old rats.
PubMed
#10

[Pinealon and Cortexin influence on behavior and neurochemical processes in 18-month aged rats within hypoxia and hypothermia].

Animal
The study demonstrated that both Cortexin and pinealon influence neurochemical processes and behavior in aged rats under hypoxia and hypothermia, with Cortexin showing a more pronounced effect.
PubMed
Safety

Safety & Handling

Research Gaps

No randomized controlled human trials involving Pinealon have been published, limiting the understanding of its safety and efficacy in human populations. Additionally, the long-term effects of Pinealon on human health remain unknown, and the precise mechanisms by which it interacts with the cell genome and influences gene activity are not fully elucidated.

Solubility

Pinealon is soluble in water and aqueous solutions.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized

Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C

Reconstituted

Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C

Avoid

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light

Solvent

Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended

Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.

Legal Status

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

Not approved by the FDA. Not scheduled by the DEA.

🇦🇺AU

Not listed in the TGA schedules.

🇬🇧UK

Not approved as a medicinal product by the MHRA.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

Community Insights

Community Insights

Publications per Year

14 total
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08
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11
2
12
2
13
1
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15
1
16
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26
Pricing

Price Comparison

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  • Verified PeptidesUS
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  • RCpeptidesEU
    20mg
    $59.40
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    $2.97/mg
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Mechanism

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Mechanism

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Legal Disclaimer

This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer