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KPV

Lys-Pro-Val · alpha-MSH(11-13)

Immune SystemPreclinical
From$2.75/mgCompare prices
MW
192.21g/mol
Formula
C11H12O3

KPV, a tripeptide composed of lysine, proline, and valine, is derived from the neuroimmunomodulatory peptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Researchers primarily study KPV for its anti-inflammatory properties and potential therapeutic applications in various inflammatory conditions, including vitiligo and colitis. Key findings indicate that KPV can modulate inflammatory responses by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome in melanocytes, thereby reducing inflammation and pyroptosis, while also demonstrating enhanced gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability when delivered via innovative peptide prodrug conjugates. Current research continues to explore KPV's mechanisms of action and its effectiveness in preclinical models, highlighting its promise as a candidate for addressing inflammatory disorders.

Chemical Profile

Chemical Profile

Chemical structure
Chemical Structure
FormulaC11H12O3
Molecular Weight192.21 g/mol
CAS Number88768-11-0
PubChem CID13294447

Half-Life

INIntranasal

Not applicable

POOral

Poor bioavailability

Peptides like KPV are generally subject to rapid degradation by proteases, leading to short half-lives.

Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) exerts its anti-inflammatory effects primarily through melanocortin receptors, modulating the NF-kappa B signaling pathway to inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production. It also regulates oxidative stress by downregulating reactive oxygen species and inhibiting the mTORC1 pathway, thereby affecting lipid accumulation and lipogenic signaling in hepatocytes. The precise mechanisms of KPV's action in various biological contexts, particularly in relation to specific receptor interactions and downstream signaling pathways, remain to be fully elucidated.

Research

45 Research Publications

1,577

Total Citations

5

Human/RCT

3.7

Avg. Influence

2026

Latest

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#01

Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and related tripeptides: biochemistry, antiinflammatory and protective effects in vitro and in vivo, and future perspectives for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.

ReviewInfluence19.0
307
The review highlighted that KPV, a C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-MSH, retains anti-inflammatory properties without pigmentary effects, making it a promising candidate for treating immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
50 µg/mLnot mentioned(human)not mentioned1, 5 or 10 mg/mltopical(rabbit)4 days12,000-fold lower than that of KPV in free solutionnot mentioned(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
#02

Drug-loaded nanoparticles targeted to the colon with polysaccharide hydrogel reduce colitis in a mouse model.

Laroui Hamed, et al. · Gastroenterology · 2010

AnimalInfluence5.0
241
Researchers observed that KPV-loaded nanoparticles effectively reduced inflammatory parameters in a mouse model of colitis, demonstrating targeted delivery to the colon.

Key findings

  1. 01Nanoparticles successfully delivered the anti-inflammatory peptide KPV directly to the inflamed colon.
  2. 02The treatment with KPV-loaded nanoparticles significantly reduced inflammation in mice compared to those that did not receive the nanoparticles.
  3. 03This method allows for a much lower concentration of the peptide to be effective, suggesting a more efficient way to target inflammation.
50 µg/mLnot mentioned(human)not mentioned1, 5 or 10 mg/mltopical(rabbit)4 days12,000-fold lower than that of KPV in free solutionnot mentioned(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
#03

Orally Targeted Delivery of Tripeptide KPV via Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Nanoparticles Efficiently Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis.

AnimalInfluence3.0
165
Researchers observed that orally targeted delivery of KPV via hyaluronic acid-functionalized nanoparticles significantly alleviated ulcerative colitis in a mouse model, enhancing mucosal healing and reducing inflammation.
50 µg/mLnot mentioned(human)not mentioned1, 5 or 10 mg/mltopical(rabbit)4 days12,000-fold lower than that of KPV in free solutionnot mentioned(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
#04

PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation.

AnimalInfluence6.0
122
Researchers observed that KPV's anti-inflammatory effects in intestinal epithelial and immune cells are mediated by PepT1, significantly reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in mouse models of colitis.
50 µg/mLnot mentioned(human)not mentioned1, 5 or 10 mg/mltopical(rabbit)4 days12,000-fold lower than that of KPV in free solutionnot mentioned(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
#05

alpha-MSH related peptides: a new class of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating drugs.

ReviewInfluence2.0
66
The review indicated that KPV and its derivatives possess potent anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting their potential development for treating various inflammatory diseases.
50 µg/mLnot mentioned(human)not mentioned1, 5 or 10 mg/mltopical(rabbit)4 days12,000-fold lower than that of KPV in free solutionnot mentioned(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
#06

Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease.

Animal
58
Researchers observed that KPV significantly reduced inflammation in two murine models of inflammatory bowel disease, indicating its therapeutic potential independent of melanocortin receptor signaling.
50 µg/mLnot mentioned(human)not mentioned1, 5 or 10 mg/mltopical(rabbit)4 days12,000-fold lower than that of KPV in free solutionnot mentioned(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
#07

Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides.

AnimalInfluence2.0
47
The study demonstrated that KPV exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of peritonitis, acting independently of melanocortin receptors.
50 µg/mLnot mentioned(human)not mentioned1, 5 or 10 mg/mltopical(rabbit)4 days12,000-fold lower than that of KPV in free solutionnot mentioned(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
#08

A PepT1 mediated medicinal nano-system for targeted delivery of cyclosporine A to alleviate acute severe ulcerative colitis.

Animal
46
Researchers observed that multifunctional nanoparticles loaded with cyclosporine A and KPV significantly improved clinical parameters in mice with acute severe ulcerative colitis.
50 µg/mLnot mentioned(human)not mentioned1, 5 or 10 mg/mltopical(rabbit)4 days12,000-fold lower than that of KPV in free solutionnot mentioned(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
#09

Critical role of PepT1 in promoting colitis-associated cancer and therapeutic benefits of the anti-inflammatory PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV in a murine model.

AnimalInfluence2.0
35
The study demonstrated that overexpression of PepT1 in mice increased colitis-associated cancer risk, while the anti-inflammatory tripeptide KPV reduced tumorigenesis in wild-type mice.
50 µg/mLnot mentioned(human)not mentioned1, 5 or 10 mg/mltopical(rabbit)4 days12,000-fold lower than that of KPV in free solutionnot mentioned(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
#10

Structural and immunological feature of rhamnogalacturonan I-rich polysaccharide from Korean persimmon vinegar.

In Vitro
34
The study demonstrated that the KPV-I fraction from Korean persimmon vinegar significantly enhances macrophage stimulation, indicating its potential immunostimulatory properties.
50 µg/mLnot mentioned(human)not mentioned1, 5 or 10 mg/mltopical(rabbit)4 days12,000-fold lower than that of KPV in free solutionnot mentioned(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
Safety

Safety & Handling

Research Gaps

No clinical trials in humans have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KPV-based therapies for conditions like vitiligo or ulcerative colitis. Additionally, the long-term effects of KPV treatment on gut microbiota and overall health remain unclear, as well as the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory actions in various tissues.

Solubility

KPV is soluble in water and aqueous solutions.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized

Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C

Reconstituted

Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C

Avoid

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light

Solvent

Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended

Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.

Legal Status

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

Not approved by the FDA as a medicinal product. Not scheduled by the DEA.

🇦🇺AU

Not listed in the TGA schedules.

🇬🇧UK

Not approved by the MHRA as a medicinal product.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

Community Insights

Community Insights

Publications per Year

48 total
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Pricing

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Mechanism

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Mechanism

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Legal Disclaimer

This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer