Cathelicidin · hCAP18 · CAMP
LL-37 is a human cathelicidin peptide classified as an antimicrobial peptide, originating from the hCAP18 protein. Researchers primarily study LL-37 for its diverse biological functions, particularly its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Key findings indicate that LL-37 not only exhibits direct antimicrobial activity against various pathogens but also plays significant roles in inflammation regulation, wound healing, and tumorigenesis across different cancer types. Additionally, preclinical evidence suggests LL-37 may have potential applications in managing heart disease and HIV infection. Current research continues to explore its multifaceted roles in health and disease, highlighting its promise as a therapeutic target.
| Formula | C205H340N60O53 |
| Molecular Weight | 4493 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 154947-66-7 |
| PubChem CID | 16198951 |
Poor bioavailability
LL-37 is rapidly degraded by proteases, affecting its stability and bioavailability.
LL-37 interacts with various membrane receptors, including formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), activating signaling pathways such as the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which modulate inflammation and immune responses. It promotes angiogenesis and wound healing through mechanisms involving the VEGF signaling pathway, while also exhibiting dual roles in cancer by either promoting or inhibiting tumorigenesis depending on the cellular context. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying its diverse effects remain incompletely understood.
3,575
Total Citations
30
Human/RCT
3.2
Avg. Influence
2024
Latest
Researchers observed that LL-37 is implicated in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases, suggesting its role in modulating immune responses.
Researchers observed that LL-37 exhibits a wide range of functions in host defense, including antimicrobial activity and immunomodulation, attributed to its unique structural properties.
The study demonstrated that LL-37 is a multifunctional antimicrobial peptide essential for immune responses, exhibiting potent antimicrobial activity and various immunomodulatory effects.
The study demonstrated that the molecular structure of LL-37 influences its balance between antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions.
Researchers observed that LL-37 incorporated into cubosomes provides protection against enzymatic degradation and maintains bactericidal activity in an ex vivo pig skin wound infection model.
The study demonstrated that LL-37 enhances bacterial phagocytosis by human macrophages through the activation of specific receptors.
The study demonstrated that the LL-37(17-29) peptide self-assembles into fibrils that disrupt bacterial membranes, suggesting a structural basis for its antimicrobial activity.
Researchers observed that LL-37 has dual roles in immune regulation, promoting inflammation in some contexts while inhibiting it in others, highlighting its complexity in disease outcomes.
Fabisiak Adam, et al. · Pharmacological reports : PR · 2016
Researchers observed that LL-37 exhibits significant therapeutic potential across immunological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin systems due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties.
Key findings
Researchers observed that LL-37 improves survival in septic mice by suppressing macrophage pyroptosis and enhancing neutrophil antimicrobial responses.
No randomized controlled human trials have been conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of LL-37 in clinical settings, particularly in heart disease and HIV prevention. Additionally, the long-term effects of LL-37 on human health, especially regarding its dual role in promoting and inhibiting cancer, remain unclear, as do the precise mechanisms by which it interacts with various membrane receptors in different tissues.
Solubility
LL-37 is soluble in water and aqueous buffers, but solubility in organic solvents like DMSO is limited.
Lyophilized
Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C
Reconstituted
Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C
Avoid
Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light
Solvent
Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended
Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.
🇩🇪DE
Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.
🇺🇸US
Not approved by the FDA as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance.
🇦🇺AU
Not listed in the TGA schedules. Use is limited to research purposes.
🇬🇧UK
Not approved as a medicinal product by MHRA. Not a controlled substance.
Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.
Publications per Year
49 total| Vendor | Amount | Price | Price/mg | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
BESTPeptiLab USAUS | 5mg | $29.99 | $6.00/mg | |
Modern ResearchUS | 5mg | $37.99 | $7.60/mg | |
EZ PeptidesUS | 10mg | $78.00 | $7.80/mg | |
Pure Tested PeptidesUS | 10mg | $79.00 | $7.90/mg | |
Ruo BioUS | 5mg | $40.00 | $8.00/mg |
Top 5 of 40 offers from 30 vendors. Prices updated daily.
See all LL-37 pricesLog your research cycles, set reminders and visualize serum levels.
This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer