Cathelicidin · hCAP18 · CAMP
LL-37 is a human cathelicidin peptide classified as an antimicrobial peptide, known for its broad-spectrum activity against various pathogens, including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as some viruses. Researchers primarily study LL-37 for its multifaceted roles in immune modulation and its potential implications in various diseases, including heart disease and inflammatory conditions. Key findings suggest that LL-37 not only exhibits direct antimicrobial effects but also influences immune responses by promoting chemotaxis of immune cells and modulating inflammation, with both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties observed. Additionally, studies indicate that LL-37 can induce cytotoxic effects on host cells, particularly in the context of infection and inflammation. Current research continues to explore the diverse biological functions of LL-37, aiming to elucidate its mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications.
| Formula | C205H340N60O53 |
| Molecular Weight | 4493 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 154947-66-7 |
| PubChem CID | 16198951 |
Poor bioavailability
LL-37 is rapidly degraded by proteases, affecting its stability and bioavailability.
LL-37 interacts with plasma membrane receptors, such as formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), leading to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways that mediate calcium influx and promote chemotaxis of immune cells. It exhibits dual roles in modulating inflammation through pathways like the NF-κB signaling pathway, enhancing immune responses while also exhibiting cytotoxic effects on host cells, particularly in the context of infection and inflammation. The precise mechanisms underlying its multifaceted actions remain incompletely understood, particularly regarding its interactions with host cell membranes and the resultant biological outcomes.
4,626
Total Citations
68
Human/RCT
3.5
Avg. Influence
2024
Latest
Researchers observed that LL-37 contributes to the development of autoimmune diseases by modulating immune and inflammatory pathways.
Researchers observed that LL-37 exhibits a wide range of functions, including direct antimicrobial activity and modulation of inflammation, attributed to its unique molecular structure.
Researchers observed that LL-37 acts as a chemoattractant for eosinophils and neutrophils via formyl-peptide receptors, suggesting its role in inflammatory lung diseases.
The study demonstrated that LL-37 is a multifunctional antimicrobial peptide essential for immune responses, with various roles including tissue regeneration and inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis.
The study demonstrated that the molecular structure of LL-37 influences its balance between antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions.
Researchers observed that LL-37 incorporated into cubosomes provides protection against enzymatic degradation and maintains bactericidal activity in an ex vivo pig skin wound infection model.
The study demonstrated that the LL-37(17-29) peptide forms functional supramolecular structures that disrupt bacterial membranes, enhancing its antibacterial activity.
The study demonstrated that LL-37 enhances phagocytosis of both IgG-opsonized and nonopsonized bacteria by human macrophages, mediated through the FPR2/ALX receptor and TLR4 signaling.
Researchers observed that LL-37 has dual roles in immune modulation, promoting inflammation in some contexts while inhibiting it in others, highlighting its complexity in disease outcomes.
Researchers observed that LL-37 has complex roles in cancer, with evidence suggesting it can both promote and suppress tumorigenesis depending on the cancer type.
No randomized controlled human trials have been conducted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of LL-37 in various diseases, particularly in heart disease and inflammatory conditions. Additionally, the long-term effects of LL-37 on host cell viability and its cytotoxicity in different human cell types remain unclear, as well as the detailed mechanisms underlying its dual anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory actions.
Solubility
LL-37 is soluble in water and aqueous buffers, but solubility in organic solvents like DMSO is limited.
Lyophilized
Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C
Reconstituted
Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C
Avoid
Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light
Solvent
Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended
Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.
🇩🇪DE
Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.
🇺🇸US
Not approved by the FDA as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance.
🇦🇺AU
Not listed in the TGA schedules. Use is limited to research purposes.
🇬🇧UK
Not approved as a medicinal product by MHRA. Not a controlled substance.
Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.
Publications per Year
50 total| Vendor | Amount | Price | Price/mg | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
BESTPeptiLab USAUS | 5mg | $29.99 | $6.00/mg | |
Glacier AminosUS | 5mg | $31.49 | $6.30/mg | |
RetaOneLabsUS | 5mg | $36.00 | $7.20/mg | |
Ruo BioUS | 5mg | $38.00 | $7.60/mg | |
Modern ResearchUS | 5mg | $37.99 | $7.60/mg |
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This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer