Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide · Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide originally isolated from the porcine duodenum, classified as a member of the vasoactive peptide family. Researchers primarily study VIP for its roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including its function as a neurotransmitter and modulator in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Key findings indicate that VIP is involved in regulating neuroendocrine functions, cardiac activity, and digestive processes, with studies highlighting its interaction with specific receptor subtypes, VPAC(1) and VPAC(2), which exhibit species differences in pharmacology. Current research continues to explore VIP's complex mechanisms of action and its potential implications in health and disease, focusing on the development of stable analogs for therapeutic applications.
| Formula | C147H237N43O43S |
| Molecular Weight | 3326.8 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 37221-79-7 |
| PubChem CID | 53314964 |
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1981592 |
~2 minutes
Poor bioavailability
VIP is rapidly degraded by peptidases, limiting its half-life and bioavailability.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) primarily exerts its effects through the VPAC(1) and VPAC(2) receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that activate adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. This signaling cascade influences various biological processes, including neurotransmission, vasodilation, neuroendocrine regulation, and modulation of immune responses. While the overall mechanism of VIP action is well-established, specific details regarding receptor subtype selectivity and downstream signaling pathways remain to be fully elucidated.
4,109
Total Citations
11
Human/RCT
2.3
Avg. Influence
2024
Latest
Researchers observed that VIP-omas are more likely to be malignant compared to insulinomas and other pancreatic endocrine tumors, indicating a complex relationship between tumor type and malignancy.
The study demonstrated that VIP and PHI coexist in autonomic neurons, influencing blood flow and bronchial smooth muscle tone in various mammals, including humans.
Researchers observed that various peptides, including vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), innervate lymphoid tissues, indicating a complex neuro-immune connection.
Researchers observed that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) are prevalent in peptide-containing nerve fibers in the rat and mouse stomach, indicating their potential roles in gastrointestinal function.
Researchers observed that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) coexist with neuropeptide Y (NPY) in non-adrenergic neurons of the small intestine across mouse, rat, and pig.
Researchers observed that light stimuli at different times significantly influenced Fos expression and colocalization with PHI, GRP, and VIP in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Researchers observed that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) enhances steroid secretion from immature rat ovaries, with the effect being dose-dependent and developmentally regulated.
Researchers observed that a VIP antagonist significantly inhibits non-small cell lung cancer growth in mice, suggesting VIP's role in tumor proliferation.
Researchers observed the identification of additional intestinal hormonal polypeptides, including a variant form of CCK, in a concentrate previously known to contain VIP and other peptides.
Researchers observed that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and other neuropeptides are present in human urinary bladder nerves, suggesting a complex neuropeptidergic innervation pattern.
No clinical trials have been conducted to assess the long-term effects of VIP analogs on human health, particularly in relation to their pharmacological efficacy and safety. Additionally, the specific mechanisms by which VIP and its receptors (VPAC(1) and VPAC(2)) mediate their diverse physiological roles remain inadequately understood, particularly in human tissues compared to animal models.
Solubility
VIP is soluble in water and dilute acetic acid but has limited solubility in organic solvents like acetonitrile and DMSO.
Lyophilized
Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C
Reconstituted
Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C
Avoid
Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light
Solvent
Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended
Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.
🇩🇪DE
Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.
🇺🇸US
Not approved by the FDA as a medicinal product. Not scheduled by the DEA.
🇦🇺AU
Not listed in the TGA schedules.
🇬🇧UK
Not approved by the MHRA as a medicinal product.
Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.
Publications per Year
48 total| Vendor | Amount | Price | Price/mg | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
BESTPeptaNovaEU | 25mg | $70.20 | $2.81/mg | |
EZ PeptidesUS | 10mg | $58.00 | $5.80/mg | |
RCpeptidesEU | 10mg | $62.10 | $6.21/mg | |
Glacier AminosUS | 10mg | $65.99 | $6.60/mg | |
MoglabsUS | 5mg | $36.00 | $7.20/mg |
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This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer