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Enclomiphene

Androxal · trans-Clomiphene

Hormonal AxisPhase III
From$0.66/mgCompare prices
MW
406g/mol
Formula
C26H28ClNO

Enclomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and the trans isomer of clomiphene citrate, originally developed for the treatment of ovarian dysfunction in women. Researchers primarily study enclomiphene for its potential role in addressing secondary male hypogonadism, particularly in preserving fertility while increasing testosterone levels. Key findings from recent studies suggest that enclomiphene effectively raises serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels without adversely affecting sperm counts, unlike traditional testosterone replacement therapies. Current research continues to explore its efficacy and safety, with ongoing clinical trials aimed at further validating its use in male populations experiencing hormonal deficiencies.

Chemical Profile

Chemical Profile

Chemical structure
Chemical Structure
FormulaC26H28ClNO
Molecular Weight406 g/mol
CAS Number15690-57-0
PubChem CID1548953

Half-Life

INIntranasal

Not applicable

POOral

Data limited

Enclomiphene is primarily administered orally, and detailed pharmacokinetic data is limited.

Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

Enclomiphene citrate acts primarily as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), antagonizing estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which leads to increased secretion of gonadotropins, specifically luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This stimulation enhances endogenous testosterone production via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis while preserving spermatogenesis, as evidenced by maintained sperm counts. The precise molecular signaling pathways involved in enclomiphene's action remain to be fully elucidated, but its effects on gonadotropin release suggest modulation of estrogenic feedback mechanisms within the HPG axis.

Research

28 Research Publications

700

Total Citations

11

Human/RCT

2.5

Avg. Influence

2025

Latest

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#01

Minimal ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate: a large-scale retrospective study.

HumanInfluence13.0
126
Researchers observed that minimal ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate resulted in high rates of oocyte retrieval and embryo cleavage in a large-scale retrospective study.
150 mgsubcutaneous(cow)on d 20 postpartum1 g/dintramuscular(cow)from d 21 to 28 postpartum40 mg/kg body weight/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study4 mg/kg/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study50 mgoral(human)30 days10 to 250 mgunknown(ewes)unknown0.5 or 50 mg/kgunknown(rat)up to 24 days0.5 microgram/mlunknown(unknown)unknown1.0 microg or 2.5 microg g(-1) body weightunknown(black porgy)unknown
PubMed
#02

Oral enclomiphene citrate raises testosterone and preserves sperm counts in obese hypogonadal men, unlike topical testosterone: restoration instead of replacement.

HumanInfluence1.0
74
The study demonstrated that oral enclomiphene citrate raised testosterone and preserved sperm counts in obese hypogonadal men, unlike topical testosterone gel.
150 mgsubcutaneous(cow)on d 20 postpartum1 g/dintramuscular(cow)from d 21 to 28 postpartum40 mg/kg body weight/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study4 mg/kg/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study50 mgoral(human)30 days10 to 250 mgunknown(ewes)unknown0.5 or 50 mg/kgunknown(rat)up to 24 days0.5 microgram/mlunknown(unknown)unknown1.0 microg or 2.5 microg g(-1) body weightunknown(black porgy)unknown
PubMed
#03

Oral enclomiphene citrate stimulates the endogenous production of testosterone and sperm counts in men with low testosterone: comparison with testosterone gel.

HumanInfluence2.0
73
The study demonstrated that enclomiphene citrate significantly increased testosterone and sperm counts in men with secondary hypogonadism compared to testosterone gel, indicating restoration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis.
150 mgsubcutaneous(cow)on d 20 postpartum1 g/dintramuscular(cow)from d 21 to 28 postpartum40 mg/kg body weight/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study4 mg/kg/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study50 mgoral(human)30 days10 to 250 mgunknown(ewes)unknown0.5 or 50 mg/kgunknown(rat)up to 24 days0.5 microgram/mlunknown(unknown)unknown1.0 microg or 2.5 microg g(-1) body weightunknown(black porgy)unknown
PubMed
#04

Enclomiphene citrate stimulates testosterone production while preventing oligospermia: a randomized phase II clinical trial comparing topical testosterone.

HumanInfluence2.0
69
The study demonstrated that enclomiphene citrate increased testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels while preserving sperm counts in men with secondary hypogonadism, similar to topical testosterone gel.
150 mgsubcutaneous(cow)on d 20 postpartum1 g/dintramuscular(cow)from d 21 to 28 postpartum40 mg/kg body weight/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study4 mg/kg/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study50 mgoral(human)30 days10 to 250 mgunknown(ewes)unknown0.5 or 50 mg/kgunknown(rat)up to 24 days0.5 microgram/mlunknown(unknown)unknown1.0 microg or 2.5 microg g(-1) body weightunknown(black porgy)unknown
PubMed
#05

Effect of clomiphene citrate treatment on endometrial estrogen and progesterone receptor induction in women.

Human
46
The study demonstrated that clomiphene citrate administration increased serum estradiol and progesterone levels in women, but did not significantly alter endometrial steroid receptor induction.
150 mgsubcutaneous(cow)on d 20 postpartum1 g/dintramuscular(cow)from d 21 to 28 postpartum40 mg/kg body weight/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study4 mg/kg/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study50 mgoral(human)30 days10 to 250 mgunknown(ewes)unknown0.5 or 50 mg/kgunknown(rat)up to 24 days0.5 microgram/mlunknown(unknown)unknown1.0 microg or 2.5 microg g(-1) body weightunknown(black porgy)unknown
PubMed
#06

Regulation of plasma gonadotropin II secretion by sex steroids, aromatase inhibitors, and antiestrogens in the protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli Bleeker.

Animal
40
The study demonstrated that plasma gonadotropin II secretion in black porgy was positively regulated by estradiol, with no significant effect from enclomiphene, highlighting its estrogen-specific regulatory role.
150 mgsubcutaneous(cow)on d 20 postpartum1 g/dintramuscular(cow)from d 21 to 28 postpartum40 mg/kg body weight/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study4 mg/kg/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study50 mgoral(human)30 days10 to 250 mgunknown(ewes)unknown0.5 or 50 mg/kgunknown(rat)up to 24 days0.5 microgram/mlunknown(unknown)unknown1.0 microg or 2.5 microg g(-1) body weightunknown(black porgy)unknown
PubMed
#07

Estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene on gonadotropin secretion by ovine pituitary cells in culture.

Animal
35
Researchers observed that enclomiphene and zuclomiphene acted primarily as estrogen antagonists in ovine pituitary cell cultures, affecting gonadotropin secretion differently based on species.
150 mgsubcutaneous(cow)on d 20 postpartum1 g/dintramuscular(cow)from d 21 to 28 postpartum40 mg/kg body weight/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study4 mg/kg/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study50 mgoral(human)30 days10 to 250 mgunknown(ewes)unknown0.5 or 50 mg/kgunknown(rat)up to 24 days0.5 microgram/mlunknown(unknown)unknown1.0 microg or 2.5 microg g(-1) body weightunknown(black porgy)unknown
PubMed
#08

Anti-estrogenic compounds increase prolactin and growth hormone synthesis in clonal strains of rat pituitary cells.

Unknown
31
The study demonstrated that estrogen antagonists, including enclomiphene, increased prolactin synthesis in rat pituitary cells while decreasing growth hormone production, contrary to the effects of estradiol.
150 mgsubcutaneous(cow)on d 20 postpartum1 g/dintramuscular(cow)from d 21 to 28 postpartum40 mg/kg body weight/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study4 mg/kg/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study50 mgoral(human)30 days10 to 250 mgunknown(ewes)unknown0.5 or 50 mg/kgunknown(rat)up to 24 days0.5 microgram/mlunknown(unknown)unknown1.0 microg or 2.5 microg g(-1) body weightunknown(black porgy)unknown
PubMed
#09

Enclomiphene, an estrogen receptor antagonist for the treatment of testosterone deficiency in men.

Hill Simon, et al. · IDrugs : the investigational drugs journal · 2009

ReviewInfluence1.0
27
Researchers studied enclomiphene, a drug that may help increase testosterone levels in men with low testosterone due to secondary hypogonadism. They found that enclomiphene effectively restores testosterone levels while maintaining testicular health and may also improve blood sugar levels.

Key findings

  1. 01Enclomiphene significantly increased testosterone levels in men with secondary hypogonadism during clinical trials.
  2. 02The drug showed a favorable effect on fasting plasma glucose levels.
  3. 03Short-term safety data for enclomiphene were comparable to testosterone gels and placebo.
PubMed
#10

Enclomiphene citrate for the treatment of secondary male hypogonadism.

Rodriguez Katherine M, et al. · Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2016

ReviewInfluence1.0
25
Researchers observed that enclomiphene citrate increases serum testosterone levels by raising luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels without negatively impacting semen parameters in men with secondary hypogonadism.

Key findings

  1. 01Enclomiphene citrate raises testosterone levels by increasing luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
  2. 02The treatment does not negatively affect semen quality, preserving male fertility.
  3. 03This study suggests enclomiphene citrate could be a viable option for men with testosterone deficiency who are concerned about fertility.
150 mgsubcutaneous(cow)on d 20 postpartum1 g/dintramuscular(cow)from d 21 to 28 postpartum40 mg/kg body weight/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study4 mg/kg/dayoral(mouse)chronic dosing study50 mgoral(human)30 days10 to 250 mgunknown(ewes)unknown0.5 or 50 mg/kgunknown(rat)up to 24 days0.5 microgram/mlunknown(unknown)unknown1.0 microg or 2.5 microg g(-1) body weightunknown(black porgy)unknown
PubMed
Safety

Safety & Handling

Research Gaps

The long-term effects of enclomiphene citrate treatment on testosterone levels, fertility, and overall health in men with secondary hypogonadism remain unclear, as current studies primarily focus on short-term outcomes. Additionally, the precise mechanisms by which enclomiphene citrate influences gonadotropin secretion and testosterone production, particularly in different populations or under varying physiological conditions, have not been fully elucidated.

Solubility

Enclomiphene has limited solubility in water but is more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and DMSO.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized

Data limited

Reconstituted

Data limited

Avoid

Avoid exposure to direct light and moisture

Solvent

Data limited

Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.

Legal Status

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

Not approved by the FDA for therapeutic use. Not scheduled by the DEA.

🇦🇺AU

Not approved by the TGA for therapeutic use.

🇬🇧UK

Not approved by the MHRA for therapeutic use.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

Community Insights

Community Insights

Publications per Year

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Legal Disclaimer

This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer