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Enclomiphene

Androxal · trans-Clomiphene

Hormonal AxisPhase III
From$0.66/mgCompare prices
MW
406g/mol
Formula
C26H28ClNO

Enclomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and the trans isomer of clomiphene citrate, originally developed for the treatment of ovarian dysfunction in women. Researchers primarily study enclomiphene for its potential role in addressing male hypogonadism, particularly in preserving fertility while increasing testosterone levels. Key findings from recent studies indicate that enclomiphene significantly elevates serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels without adversely affecting semen parameters. Current research continues to explore enclomiphene's efficacy and safety in various male populations, suggesting it may serve as a viable alternative to traditional testosterone replacement therapies.

Chemical Profile

Chemical Profile

Chemical structure
Chemical Structure
FormulaC26H28ClNO
Molecular Weight406 g/mol
CAS Number15690-57-0
PubChem CID1548953

Half-Life

INIntranasal

Not applicable

POOral

Data limited

Enclomiphene is primarily administered orally, and detailed pharmacokinetic data is limited.

Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

Enclomiphene acts primarily as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), antagonizing estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which leads to increased secretion of gonadotropins, specifically luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This elevation in gonadotropins stimulates endogenous testosterone production in the testes, thereby addressing male hypogonadism without negatively impacting fertility. The precise signaling pathways involved in this mechanism are not fully elucidated, but the modulation of estrogen receptor activity is central to its action.

Research

28 Research Publications

697

Total Citations

11

Human/RCT

2.5

Avg. Influence

2025

Latest

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#01

Minimal ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate: a large-scale retrospective study.

Case ReportInfluence13.0
126
Researchers observed that minimal ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate resulted in high rates of oocyte retrieval and embryo cleavage in a large-scale retrospective study.
150 mgsubcutaneous(beef cows)10 days1 g/dintramuscular(suckled postpartum beef cows)7 days50 mgoral(healthy males)30 days10 to 250 mgsubcutaneous(ewes)single treatment0.5 to 50 mg/kgsingle dose(rats)not specified
PubMed
#02

Oral enclomiphene citrate raises testosterone and preserves sperm counts in obese hypogonadal men, unlike topical testosterone: restoration instead of replacement.

HumanInfluence1.0
74
Researchers observed that oral enclomiphene citrate raised testosterone and maintained sperm counts in obese hypogonadal men, contrasting with the effects of topical testosterone gel.
150 mgsubcutaneous(beef cows)10 days1 g/dintramuscular(suckled postpartum beef cows)7 days50 mgoral(healthy males)30 days10 to 250 mgsubcutaneous(ewes)single treatment0.5 to 50 mg/kgsingle dose(rats)not specified
PubMed
#03

Oral enclomiphene citrate stimulates the endogenous production of testosterone and sperm counts in men with low testosterone: comparison with testosterone gel.

HumanInfluence2.0
73
Researchers observed that enclomiphene citrate significantly increased testosterone and sperm counts in men with secondary hypogonadism, while testosterone gel did not maintain sperm concentrations.
150 mgsubcutaneous(beef cows)10 days1 g/dintramuscular(suckled postpartum beef cows)7 days50 mgoral(healthy males)30 days10 to 250 mgsubcutaneous(ewes)single treatment0.5 to 50 mg/kgsingle dose(rats)not specified
PubMed
#04

Enclomiphene citrate stimulates testosterone production while preventing oligospermia: a randomized phase II clinical trial comparing topical testosterone.

HumanInfluence2.0
68
The study demonstrated that enclomiphene citrate increased serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels while preserving sperm production in men with secondary hypogonadism.
150 mgsubcutaneous(beef cows)10 days1 g/dintramuscular(suckled postpartum beef cows)7 days50 mgoral(healthy males)30 days10 to 250 mgsubcutaneous(ewes)single treatment0.5 to 50 mg/kgsingle dose(rats)not specified
PubMed
#05

Effect of clomiphene citrate treatment on endometrial estrogen and progesterone receptor induction in women.

In Vitro
46
The study demonstrated that clomiphene citrate administration altered endometrial steroid receptor induction without significantly affecting luteal phase characteristics in women.
150 mgsubcutaneous(beef cows)10 days1 g/dintramuscular(suckled postpartum beef cows)7 days50 mgoral(healthy males)30 days10 to 250 mgsubcutaneous(ewes)single treatment0.5 to 50 mg/kgsingle dose(rats)not specified
PubMed
#06

Regulation of plasma gonadotropin II secretion by sex steroids, aromatase inhibitors, and antiestrogens in the protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli Bleeker.

Animal
40
Researchers observed that plasma gonadotropin II secretion in the protandrous black porgy was positively regulated by estradiol and negatively affected by aromatase inhibitors, with tamoxifen but not enclomiphene stimulating GTH II levels.
150 mgsubcutaneous(beef cows)10 days1 g/dintramuscular(suckled postpartum beef cows)7 days50 mgoral(healthy males)30 days10 to 250 mgsubcutaneous(ewes)single treatment0.5 to 50 mg/kgsingle dose(rats)not specified
PubMed
#07

Estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene on gonadotropin secretion by ovine pituitary cells in culture.

In Vitro
34
The study demonstrated that enclomiphene and zuclomiphene exhibit both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects on gonadotropin secretion by ovine pituitary cells, highlighting species-specific responses.
150 mgsubcutaneous(beef cows)10 days1 g/dintramuscular(suckled postpartum beef cows)7 days50 mgoral(healthy males)30 days10 to 250 mgsubcutaneous(ewes)single treatment0.5 to 50 mg/kgsingle dose(rats)not specified
PubMed
#08

Anti-estrogenic compounds increase prolactin and growth hormone synthesis in clonal strains of rat pituitary cells.

In Vitro
31
Researchers observed that anti-estrogenic compounds, including enclomiphene, increased prolactin and growth hormone synthesis in rat pituitary cells, contrary to the effects of estradiol.
150 mgsubcutaneous(beef cows)10 days1 g/dintramuscular(suckled postpartum beef cows)7 days50 mgoral(healthy males)30 days10 to 250 mgsubcutaneous(ewes)single treatment0.5 to 50 mg/kgsingle dose(rats)not specified
PubMed
#09

Enclomiphene, an estrogen receptor antagonist for the treatment of testosterone deficiency in men.

Hill Simon, et al. · IDrugs : the investigational drugs journal · 2009

ReviewInfluence1.0
27
Researchers studied enclomiphene, a drug that may help increase testosterone levels in men with low testosterone due to secondary hypogonadism. They found that enclomiphene effectively restores testosterone levels while maintaining testicular health and may also improve blood sugar levels.

Key findings

  1. 01Enclomiphene significantly increased testosterone levels in men with secondary hypogonadism during clinical trials.
  2. 02The drug showed a favorable effect on fasting plasma glucose levels.
  3. 03Short-term safety data for enclomiphene were comparable to testosterone gels and placebo.
PubMed
#10

Enclomiphene citrate for the treatment of secondary male hypogonadism.

Rodriguez Katherine M, et al. · Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2016

ReviewInfluence1.0
25
Researchers observed that enclomiphene citrate increases serum testosterone levels by raising luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels without negatively impacting semen parameters in men with secondary hypogonadism.

Key findings

  1. 01Enclomiphene citrate raises testosterone levels by increasing luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
  2. 02The treatment does not negatively affect semen quality, preserving male fertility.
  3. 03This study suggests enclomiphene citrate could be a viable option for men with testosterone deficiency who are concerned about fertility.
150 mgsubcutaneous(beef cows)10 days1 g/dintramuscular(suckled postpartum beef cows)7 days50 mgoral(healthy males)30 days10 to 250 mgsubcutaneous(ewes)single treatment0.5 to 50 mg/kgsingle dose(rats)not specified
PubMed
Safety

Safety & Handling

Research Gaps

There is a lack of long-term human trials assessing the sustained efficacy and safety of enclomiphene citrate in treating male hypogonadism, particularly regarding its impact on fertility over extended periods. Additionally, the specific mechanisms by which enclomiphene influences hormonal levels and its potential effects on other endocrine functions remain unclear and require further investigation.

Solubility

Enclomiphene has limited solubility in water but is more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and DMSO.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized

Data limited

Reconstituted

Data limited

Avoid

Avoid exposure to direct light and moisture

Solvent

Data limited

Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.

Legal Status

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

Not approved by the FDA for therapeutic use. Not scheduled by the DEA.

🇦🇺AU

Not approved by the TGA for therapeutic use.

🇬🇧UK

Not approved by the MHRA for therapeutic use.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

Community Insights

Community Insights

Publications per Year

23 total
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Pricing

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Mechanism

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Mechanism

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Legal Disclaimer

This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer