Human Chorionic Gonadotropin · Pregnyl · Ovidrel
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the placenta during pregnancy, classified as a member of the gonadotropin family. Researchers primarily study hCG for its role as a biomarker in pregnancy and various reproductive health conditions, as well as its implications in certain cancers. Key findings from studies indicate that hCG levels can be elevated in conditions such as ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, and certain tumors, while familial hCG syndrome has been identified as a genetic condition leading to false-positive hCG tests in asymptomatic individuals. Additionally, research has highlighted the complex interactions between hCG and its receptor, suggesting that hCG may have broader implications in both reproductive and non-reproductive health contexts. Current research continues to explore the diverse roles of hCG and its variants, particularly in clinical diagnostics and potential therapeutic applications.
| Formula | C11H19N3O6S |
| Molecular Weight | 321.35 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 9002-61-3 |
| PubChem CID | 4369448 |
~24 to 36 hours
~24 to 36 hours
Not applicable
Poor bioavailability
HCG is primarily administered via injection due to its poor oral bioavailability.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) primarily acts through the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), activating signaling pathways such as the adenylate cyclase/cAMP pathway and the phospholipase C pathway. This leads to increased intracellular cAMP levels, promoting steroidogenesis and influencing reproductive processes such as ovulation and maintenance of pregnancy. While the receptor binding and initial signaling mechanisms are well characterized, some aspects of hCG's broader biological effects remain incompletely understood.
3,375
Total Citations
40
Human/RCT
2.0
Avg. Influence
2025
Latest
Researchers observed that multiple hCG-related molecules in pregnancy serum and urine lead to interassay discordance in hCG determinations, necessitating careful selection of immunoassays.
The study demonstrated that specific structural features of glycoprotein hormones, including hCG, are essential for receptor binding and biological responses, highlighting the role of synthetic peptides in this research.
Choi Janet & Smitz Johan · Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2014
Researchers observed that luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) play important roles in ovulation and early pregnancy, but they are not as interchangeable as previously thought. The study highlights differences in how these hormones interact with their common receptor and affect cellular signaling, which could improve diagnostic and treatment strategies for infertility.
Key findings
Researchers observed that elevated levels of intact hCG and its free subunits correlate with suppressed TSH levels in pregnant women, suggesting a thyrotropic role of hCG during early pregnancy.
Researchers observed that nicking of hCG molecules occurs during pregnancy and correlates with gestational age, affecting the hormone's steroidogenic activity.
The study demonstrated that hCG and its beta-subunit are present in measurable concentrations in the serum and urine of men and nonpregnant women, with levels higher in women.
Researchers observed that the hCG vaccine is the first contraceptive vaccine to undergo Phase I and II clinical trials in humans, demonstrating efficacy and lack of immunopathology.
Researchers observed that nicked forms of hCG exhibit reduced receptor binding and steroidogenic activity, with a significant correlation between the extent of nicking and biological activity.
The study demonstrated the characterization of monoclonal antibodies against hCG, facilitating improved comparability of immunoassay results for pregnancy and tumor diagnosis.
The study demonstrated that elevated levels of free hCG beta subunit in serum are highly diagnostic of aggressive nongonadal malignancies, particularly in testicular cancers.
The mechanisms underlying Familial hCG Syndrome remain poorly understood, particularly regarding the genetic mutations responsible for the production of biologically inactive hCG variants. Additionally, there is a lack of comprehensive human trials investigating the long-term effects of hCG and hCG beta as clinical markers in non-trophoblastic malignancies, leaving their efficacy and safety in these contexts uncertain.
Solubility
HCG is soluble in water and saline solutions but has limited solubility in organic solvents like acetonitrile and DMSO.
Lyophilized
Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C
Reconstituted
Use within 30 days when refrigerated at 4°C
Avoid
Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light
Solvent
Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended
Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.
🇩🇪DE
Approved for use in fertility treatments. Not a controlled substance.
🇺🇸US
FDA approved for specific medical uses such as fertility treatments. Not a controlled substance.
🇦🇺AU
TGA approved for use in fertility treatments. Not a controlled substance.
🇬🇧UK
MHRA approved for use in fertility treatments. Not a controlled substance.
Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.
Publications per Year
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This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer