Leuprolide is a synthetic peptide classified as a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, initially developed for the management of hormone-sensitive conditions such as prostate cancer. Researchers primarily study leuprolide for its role in androgen deprivation therapy, particularly in advanced prostate cancer and conditions characterized by hormone dysregulation. Key findings from recent studies indicate that leuprolide, when combined with other agents like enzalutamide, significantly improves metastasis-free survival compared to monotherapy, while also demonstrating a favorable safety profile. Additionally, studies suggest that leuprolide's efficacy in achieving testosterone suppression may be less rapid compared to newer agents like relugolix and degarelix. Current research continues to explore leuprolide's effectiveness and safety in various therapeutic contexts, as well as its comparative performance against emerging treatment options.