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Gonadorelin

GnRH · Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone · Factrel

Hormonal AxisApproved
From$5.40/mgCompare prices
MW
1182.3g/mol
Formula
C55H75N17O13

Gonadorelin is a decapeptide classified as a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) that is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus. Researchers primarily study it for its role in regulating the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which are critical for reproductive functions in both males and females. Key findings from recent studies indicate that gonadorelin can effectively modulate tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer models and is utilized in veterinary medicine to synchronize estrus and induce ovulation in cattle. Additionally, preclinical evidence suggests that gonadorelin analogs may have potential applications in managing various reproductive disorders and hormone-sensitive cancers. Current research continues to explore innovative analytical methods for its detection and the implications of its use in both clinical and doping contexts.

Chemical Profile

Chemical Profile

Chemical structure
Chemical Structure
FormulaC55H75N17O13
Molecular Weight1182.3 g/mol
CAS Number33515-09-2
PubChem CID638793

Half-Life

SCSubcutaneous

Data limited

IMIntramuscular

Data limited

IVIntravenous

~2 to 4 minutes

INIntranasal

Data limited

POOral

Poor bioavailability

Gonadorelin is rapidly metabolized and cleared from the circulation, necessitating specific routes of administration for sustained effects.

Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

Gonadorelin acts as an agonist at the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors (GnRHR) located on the anterior pituitary gland, leading to the activation of the phospholipase C (PLC) signaling pathway. This activation results in the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which are critical for regulating reproductive processes such as ovulation and steroidogenesis. While the primary mechanism is well-characterized, some aspects of its broader biological effects, particularly in tumor modulation and immune response, remain less understood.

Research

83 Research Publications

1,387

Total Citations

21

Human/RCT

2.2

Avg. Influence

2023

Latest

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#01

Toward oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals: an assessment of the gastrointestinal stability of 17 peptide drugs.

In VitroInfluence10.0
227
The study demonstrated that peptide drugs, including gonadorelin, exhibit varying stability in gastrointestinal fluids, impacting their potential for oral delivery.
150 ng/mousesubcutaneously(mouse)200 μg(cows)
PubMed
#02

Preparation and characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles containing peptide.

UnknownInfluence8.0
166
The study demonstrated successful incorporation of gonadorelin into solid lipid nanoparticles, achieving a 69.4% entrapment efficiency and a sustained release profile over 12 days.
125 μgintramuscular(goat)14 d apart50 μg/mLintramuscular(goat)single injection150 ng/mousesubcutaneous(mouse)not mentioned200 µgnot mentioned(cow)not mentioned200 μgnot mentioned(cow)not mentioned
PubMed
#03

Hypothalamic mechanisms of obesity-associated disturbance of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.

Chen Xiaolin, et al. · Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2022

ReviewInfluence1.0
61
Researchers reviewed how obesity affects the hormonal regulation of ovulation in women. They found that the hypothalamus, which plays a crucial role in ovulation, is influenced by metabolic signals and inflammation, leading to ovulatory disorders commonly seen in obese women. The study highlights the need for further research to develop new treatments for these hormonal imbalances.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers observed that ovulatory disorders are prevalent among obese women due to disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
  2. 02The hypothalamus receives metabolic signals that regulate the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), essential for ovulation.
  3. 03Inflammation in the hypothalamus can also impact ovulation independently of obesity.
PubMed
#04

The Role of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in Endometrial Cancer.

Emons Günter & Gründker Carsten · Cells · 2021

ReviewInfluence1.0
51
Researchers reviewed the role of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in endometrial cancer, a common type of cancer in women. They found that many endometrial cancer cells express GnRH and its receptor, which may influence cell growth and death. The study also highlighted that certain GnRH-based treatments showed promise in early-stage cancer but had limited effectiveness in advanced cases.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers observed that most endometrial cancer cells express GnRH and its receptor, suggesting a role in regulating cancer cell behavior.
  2. 02The study found that GnRH agonists can inhibit cancer cell growth and induce cell death in laboratory models.
  3. 03Researchers noted that while some GnRH treatments showed potential in early-stage endometrial cancer, they were less effective in advanced or recurrent cases.
PubMed
#05

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists.

Herbst Karen L · Current opinion in pharmacology · 2003

ReviewInfluence1.0
51
Researchers observed that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists can block the hormone's action, which may lead to new treatments for various hormone-related conditions. These compounds are currently being tested for use in assisted reproduction and could potentially be used for male contraception and to inhibit certain cancers. The study highlights the expanding role of GnRH antagonists in medicine.

Key findings

  1. 01GnRH antagonists inhibit the hormone from binding to its receptor, effectively reducing hormone activity.
  2. 02These compounds are in clinical trials for assisted reproduction and may soon be available for broader applications.
  3. 03Potential future uses include hormonal male contraception and targeting specific cancer cells.
PubMed
#06

Effect of gonadorelin, lecirelin, and buserelin on LH surge, ovulation, and progesterone in cattle.

AnimalInfluence1.0
48
The study demonstrated that gonadorelin, lecirelin, and buserelin are similarly effective in inducing ovulation and follicular dynamics in cattle, with gonadorelin showing a lower LH response.
100 μgintramuscular(cattle)150 ng/mousesubcutaneous(mouse)200 µg(cattle)200 µg(cattle)200 μg(cattle)100 μgintravenous(human)
PubMed
#07

Goserelin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical use in sex hormone-related conditions.

ReviewInfluence3.0
46
The review highlighted that goserelin, a GnRH analogue, effectively induces remission in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and is comparable to surgical options in women with breast cancer.
100 μgintramuscular(cattle)150 ng/mousesubcutaneous(mouse)200 µg(cattle)200 µg(cattle)200 μg(cattle)100 μgintravenous(human)
PubMed
#08

The effects of 3 gonadorelin products on luteinizing hormone release, ovulation, and follicular wave emergence in cattle.

AnimalInfluence6.0
43
The study demonstrated that gonadorelin diacetate tetrahydrate induced greater luteinizing hormone release and ovulatory rates in Holstein cows compared to other formulations.
100 μgintramuscular(cattle)150 ng/mousesubcutaneous(mouse)200 µg(cattle)200 µg(cattle)200 μg(cattle)100 μgintravenous(human)
PubMed
#09

Buserelin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical profile.

Review
38
The review summarized that buserelin, a GnRH agonist, is effective in managing various hormone-dependent conditions with a favorable adverse effect profile.
100 μgintramuscular(cattle)150 ng/mousesubcutaneous(mouse)200 µg(cattle)200 µg(cattle)200 μg(cattle)100 μgintravenous(human)
PubMed
#10

The effect of different doses of gonadorelin on ovarian follicle dynamics in river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

AnimalInfluence2.0
35
The study demonstrated that a dose of 100 micrograms of gonadorelin effectively induced ovulation and subsequent follicular wave emergence in river buffalo.
150 ng/mousesubcutaneously(mouse)5 micrograms(bulls)200 μg(Holstein cows)50 μgintramuscular(queens)200 μg(Holstein heifers)200 µg(Holstein cows)
PubMed
Safety

Safety & Handling

Research Gaps

No comprehensive human clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the long-term effects of gonadorelin on hormone regulation and cancer prevention, particularly in diverse populations. Additionally, the specific mechanisms by which gonadorelin modulates immune responses and influences tumor growth in humans remain unclear and warrant further investigation.

Solubility

Gonadorelin is soluble in water and aqueous buffers but has limited solubility in organic solvents like acetonitrile and DMSO.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized

Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C

Reconstituted

Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C

Avoid

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light

Solvent

Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended

Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.

Legal Status

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

Approved by the FDA for specific diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Not a controlled substance.

🇦🇺AU

Listed in the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods for specific uses. Not a controlled substance.

🇬🇧UK

Approved by the MHRA for specific medical uses. Not a controlled substance.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

Community Insights

Community Insights

Publications per Year

47 total
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4
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Pricing

Price Comparison

  • BESTRCpeptidesEU
    10mg
    $54.00
    Price/mg
    $5.40/mg
    View
  • Modern ResearchUS
    5mg
    $34.99
    Price/mg
    $7.00/mg
    View
  • Bulk Peptide WholesaleUS
    10mg
    $120.00
    Price/mg
    $12.00/mg
    View
  • Research Peptides UKUK
    2mg
    $50.80
    Price/mg
    $25.40/mg
    View
  • bulkpeptidesupply.comUS
    10mg
    $450.00
    Price/mg
    $45.00/mg
    View

Top 5 of 18 offers from 15 vendors. Prices updated daily.

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Mechanism

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Mechanism

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Legal Disclaimer

This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer