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Gonadorelin

GnRH · Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone · Factrel

Hormonal AxisApproved
From$5.40/mgCompare prices
MW
1182.3g/mol
Formula
C55H75N17O13

Gonadorelin is a decapeptide classified as a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) that is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus. Researchers primarily study gonadorelin for its role in regulating the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which are critical for reproductive function. Key findings from recent studies indicate that gonadorelin can significantly inhibit tumor growth in models of colorectal cancer and is effective in synchronizing estrus and inducing ovulation in cattle. Furthermore, research has highlighted its potential misuse in sports doping due to its effects on hormone regulation. Current research continues to explore innovative analytical techniques for its detection and the broader implications of its therapeutic applications.

Chemical Profile

Chemical Profile

Chemical structure
Chemical Structure
FormulaC55H75N17O13
Molecular Weight1182.3 g/mol
CAS Number33515-09-2
PubChem CID638793

Half-Life

SCSubcutaneous

Data limited

IMIntramuscular

Data limited

IVIntravenous

~2 to 4 minutes

INIntranasal

Data limited

POOral

Poor bioavailability

Gonadorelin is rapidly metabolized and cleared from the circulation, necessitating specific routes of administration for sustained effects.

Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

Gonadorelin acts primarily through the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) on pituitary gonadotrophs, activating the phospholipase C (PLC) signaling pathway, which leads to increased intracellular calcium levels and subsequent secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This stimulation of gonadotropin release promotes ovarian follicle maturation and ovulation, influencing reproductive processes. While the exact mechanisms of its antiestrogenic effects and potential modulation of immune responses in tumorigenesis are not fully understood, they may involve alterations in inflammatory signaling pathways and stem cell dynamics.

Research

69 Research Publications

1,277

Total Citations

16

Human/RCT

2.2

Avg. Influence

2023

Latest

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#01

Toward oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals: an assessment of the gastrointestinal stability of 17 peptide drugs.

In VitroInfluence10.0
218
Researchers observed that gastrointestinal stability of various peptide drugs, including gonadorelin, is influenced by molecular features, impacting their potential for oral delivery.
150 ng/mousesubcutaneously(mouse)5 micrograms(bulls)200 μg(Holstein cows)50 μgintramuscular(queens)200 μg(Holstein heifers)200 µg(Holstein cows)
PubMed
#02

Preparation and characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles containing peptide.

In VitroInfluence7.0
164
The study demonstrated a novel method for preparing solid lipid nanoparticles containing gonadorelin, achieving a significant entrapment efficiency and prolonged drug release.
150 ng/mousesubcutaneously(mouse)5 micrograms(bulls)200 μg(Holstein cows)50 μgintramuscular(queens)200 μg(Holstein heifers)200 µg(Holstein cows)
PubMed
#03

Hypothalamic mechanisms of obesity-associated disturbance of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.

Chen Xiaolin, et al. · Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2022

ReviewInfluence1.0
61
Researchers reviewed how obesity affects the hormonal regulation of ovulation in women. They found that the hypothalamus, which plays a crucial role in ovulation, is influenced by metabolic signals and inflammation, leading to ovulatory disorders commonly seen in obese women. The study highlights the need for further research to develop new treatments for these hormonal imbalances.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers observed that ovulatory disorders are prevalent among obese women due to disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
  2. 02The hypothalamus receives metabolic signals that regulate the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), essential for ovulation.
  3. 03Inflammation in the hypothalamus can also impact ovulation independently of obesity.
PubMed
#04

The Role of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in Endometrial Cancer.

Emons Günter & Gründker Carsten · Cells · 2021

ReviewInfluence1.0
51
Researchers reviewed the role of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in endometrial cancer, a common type of cancer in women. They found that many endometrial cancer cells express GnRH and its receptor, which may influence cell growth and death. The study also highlighted that certain GnRH-based treatments showed promise in early-stage cancer but had limited effectiveness in advanced cases.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers observed that most endometrial cancer cells express GnRH and its receptor, suggesting a role in regulating cancer cell behavior.
  2. 02The study found that GnRH agonists can inhibit cancer cell growth and induce cell death in laboratory models.
  3. 03Researchers noted that while some GnRH treatments showed potential in early-stage endometrial cancer, they were less effective in advanced or recurrent cases.
PubMed
#05

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists.

Herbst Karen L · Current opinion in pharmacology · 2003

ReviewInfluence1.0
51
Researchers observed that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists can block the hormone's action, which may lead to new treatments for various hormone-related conditions. These compounds are currently being tested for use in assisted reproduction and could potentially be used for male contraception and to inhibit certain cancers. The study highlights the expanding role of GnRH antagonists in medicine.

Key findings

  1. 01GnRH antagonists inhibit the hormone from binding to its receptor, effectively reducing hormone activity.
  2. 02These compounds are in clinical trials for assisted reproduction and may soon be available for broader applications.
  3. 03Potential future uses include hormonal male contraception and targeting specific cancer cells.
PubMed
#06

Stability of peptide drugs in the colon.

In VitroInfluence1.0
49
Researchers observed that gonadorelin and other small peptides exhibited varying stability in the colon, with degradation rates correlating to peptide lipophilicity.
160 mgdaily(human)not mentioned120 mgorally(human)not mentioned240 mgsubcutaneous(human)1 month80 mgsubcutaneous(human)monthly160 mgsubcutaneous(human)monthly300 µg/kgsubcutaneous(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
#07

Effect of gonadorelin, lecirelin, and buserelin on LH surge, ovulation, and progesterone in cattle.

AnimalInfluence1.0
45
The study demonstrated that gonadorelin, lecirelin, and buserelin effectively induced ovulation in cattle, with gonadorelin resulting in lower LH release compared to lecirelin and buserelin.
150 ng/mousesubcutaneously(mouse)5 micrograms(bulls)200 μg(Holstein cows)50 μgintramuscular(queens)200 μg(Holstein heifers)200 µg(Holstein cows)
PubMed
#08

The effects of 3 gonadorelin products on luteinizing hormone release, ovulation, and follicular wave emergence in cattle.

AnimalInfluence6.0
43
The study demonstrated that different gonadorelin formulations resulted in varying luteinizing hormone release and ovulatory rates in Holstein cows, with Cystorelin showing superior performance.
150 ng/mousesubcutaneously(mouse)5 micrograms(bulls)200 μg(Holstein cows)50 μgintramuscular(queens)200 μg(Holstein heifers)200 µg(Holstein cows)
PubMed
#09

Goserelin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical use in sex hormone-related conditions.

ReviewInfluence3.0
43
The review indicated that goserelin effectively induces gonadotrophin release initially but leads to suppression with continued administration, showing comparable efficacy to surgical options in managing prostate and breast cancers.
150 ng/mousesubcutaneously(mouse)5 micrograms(bulls)200 μg(Holstein cows)50 μgintramuscular(queens)200 μg(Holstein heifers)200 µg(Holstein cows)
PubMed
#10

Buserelin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical profile.

Review
37
Researchers observed that buserelin, a GnRH agonist, effectively stimulates pituitary gonadotrophins and shows promise in treating various hormone-dependent conditions with a favorable adverse effect profile.
150 ng/mousesubcutaneously(mouse)5 micrograms(bulls)200 μg(Holstein cows)50 μgintramuscular(queens)200 μg(Holstein heifers)200 µg(Holstein cows)
PubMed
Safety

Safety & Handling

Research Gaps

No clinical trials assessing the long-term effects of gonadorelin on human fertility outcomes have been published. Additionally, the specific mechanisms by which gonadorelin modulates immune responses and stem-like cell populations in cancer treatment remain unclear, necessitating further investigation.

Solubility

Gonadorelin is soluble in water and aqueous buffers but has limited solubility in organic solvents like acetonitrile and DMSO.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized

Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C

Reconstituted

Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C

Avoid

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light

Solvent

Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended

Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.

Legal Status

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

Approved by the FDA for specific diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Not a controlled substance.

🇦🇺AU

Listed in the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods for specific uses. Not a controlled substance.

🇬🇧UK

Approved by the MHRA for specific medical uses. Not a controlled substance.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

Community Insights

Community Insights

Publications per Year

48 total
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Pricing

Price Comparison

  • BESTRCpeptidesEU
    10mg
    $54.00
    Price/mg
    $5.40/mg
    View
  • Modern ResearchUS
    5mg
    $34.99
    Price/mg
    $7.00/mg
    View
  • Swiss ChemsUS
    2mg
    $24.95
    Price/mg
    $12.48/mg
    View
  • Research Peptides UKUK
    2mg
    $50.80
    Price/mg
    $25.40/mg
    View
  • PeptaNovaEU
    0.5mg
    $48.60
    Price/mg
    $97.20/mg
    View

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Mechanism

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Mechanism

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Legal Disclaimer

This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer