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MOTS-c

Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c

Anti-Aging & LongevityPhase II
From$1.80/mgCompare prices
MW
2174.6g/mol
Formula
C101H152N28O22S2

MOTS-c, or mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c, is a 16-amino-acid peptide derived from mitochondrial DNA, classified as a mitochondrial-derived peptide. Researchers primarily study MOTS-c for its role in regulating metabolic homeostasis and its potential implications in conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Key findings indicate that MOTS-c enhances glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and activates cellular pathways that promote insulin sensitivity, while also showing promise in suppressing ovarian cancer progression through mechanisms involving gene regulation and protein degradation. Current research is focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of MOTS-c and exploring its therapeutic potential across various diseases, although effective clinical applications remain to be developed.

Chemical Profile

Chemical Profile

Chemical structure
Chemical Structure
FormulaC101H152N28O22S2
Molecular Weight2174.6 g/mol
CAS Number1627580-64-6
PubChem CID146675088

Half-Life

INIntranasal

Not applicable

POOral

Poor bioavailability

Pharmacokinetic data are limited, with ongoing research to determine specific half-life values.

Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

MOTS-c, a 16-amino-acid peptide derived from mitochondrial DNA, translocates to the nucleus in response to metabolic stress, where it regulates nuclear gene expression via the AMPK signaling pathway. It enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle by inhibiting the folate cycle and promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of LARS1, an oncogenic protein, thereby influencing cellular homeostasis and metabolic processes. While the precise receptors and all downstream effects of MOTS-c are not fully understood, it is known to interact with stress-responsive transcription factors like NRF2, suggesting a complex role in mitonuclear communication.

Research

80 Research Publications

2,045

Total Citations

14

Human/RCT

3.2

Avg. Influence

2024

Latest

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#01

The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c Translocates to the Nucleus to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression in Response to Metabolic Stress.

Kim Kyung Hwa, et al. · Cell metabolism · 2018

In VitroInfluence18.0
267
The study demonstrated that MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus to regulate gene expression in response to metabolic stress, highlighting its role in mitonuclear communication.

Key findings

  1. 01MOTS-c, a peptide from the mitochondrial genome, can enter the nucleus and influence gene expression.
  2. 02This regulation occurs in response to metabolic stress, particularly during glucose restriction.
  3. 03MOTS-c interacts with specific transcription factors that help manage the cell's antioxidant response.
15 mg/kginjection(rat)3 weeks30 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)not specified
PubMed
#02

MOTS-c: A novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism.

ReviewInfluence8.0
166
The study demonstrated that MOTS-c enhances glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, indicating its implications in obesity and diabetes regulation.
15 mg/kginjection(rat)3 weeks30 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)not specified
PubMed
#03

MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis.

AnimalInfluence16.0
147
The study demonstrated that MOTS-c enhances physical performance and regulates muscle metabolism in mice across different ages, indicating its role in promoting healthy aging.
20 Gynot specified(mouse)not specified15 mg/kgdaily injection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kgintraperitoneal(mouse)not specified
PubMed
#04

The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c: a player in exceptional longevity?

ReviewInfluence2.0
96
The study suggested that the m.1382A>C polymorphism in the MOTS-c encoding mtDNA may contribute to the exceptional longevity observed in the Northeast Asian population.
20 Gynot specified(mouse)not specified15 mg/kgdaily injection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kgintraperitoneal(mouse)not specified
PubMed
#05

Mitochondria related peptide MOTS-c suppresses ovariectomy-induced bone loss via AMPK activation.

AnimalInfluence3.0
80
Researchers observed that MOTS-c administration mitigates ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis through AMPK activation.
20 Gynot specified(mouse)not specified15 mg/kgdaily injection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kgintraperitoneal(mouse)not specified
PubMed
#06

MOTS-c peptide regulates adipose homeostasis to prevent ovariectomy-induced metabolic dysfunction.

AnimalInfluence4.0
73
The study demonstrated that MOTS-c prevented ovariectomy-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice by activating the AMPK pathway.
15 mg/kginjection(rat)3 weeks30 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)not specified
PubMed
#07

MOTS-c peptide increases survival and decreases bacterial load in mice infected with MRSA.

AnimalInfluence2.0
63
The study demonstrated that MOTS-c significantly increases survival and reduces bacterial load in mice infected with MRSA while modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines.
15 mg/kginjection(rat)3 weeks30 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)not specified
PubMed
#08

MOTS-c inhibits Osteolysis in the Mouse Calvaria by affecting osteocyte-osteoclast crosstalk and inhibiting inflammation.

AnimalInfluence2.0
60
Researchers observed that MOTS-c inhibits osteolysis in a mouse model by regulating osteocyte-osteoclast crosstalk and suppressing inflammation via the AMPK-PGC-1α-ROS axis.
20 Gynot specified(mouse)not specified15 mg/kgdaily injection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kgintraperitoneal(mouse)not specified
PubMed
#09

The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c relieves hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Yin Yadong, et al. · Pharmacological research · 2022

AnimalInfluence1.0
60
The study demonstrated that MOTS-c significantly alleviated hyperglycemia and improved insulin sensitivity in a gestational diabetes mellitus mouse model.

Key findings

  1. 01MOTS-c significantly reduced high blood sugar levels and improved insulin sensitivity in mice with GDM.
  2. 02The peptide also enhanced glucose tolerance and reduced adverse reproductive outcomes, such as lower birth weights and offspring mortality.
  3. 03MOTS-c was shown to protect pancreatic cells from damage caused by a diabetes-inducing treatment.
15 mg/kginjection(rat)3 weeks30 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)not specified
PubMed
#10

Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c: effects and mechanisms related to stress, metabolism and aging.

ReviewInfluence3.0
58
Researchers observed that MOTS-c regulates energy metabolism and stress homeostasis, suggesting its potential role in promoting healthy aging.
15 mg/kginjection(rat)3 weeks30 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)not specified
PubMed
Safety

Safety & Handling

Research Gaps

No randomized controlled human trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MOTS-c in clinical settings. Additionally, the long-term effects of MOTS-c treatment on human health and its precise molecular mechanisms in various tissues, particularly in relation to cancer progression and metabolic disorders, remain unclear.

Solubility

MOTS-c is soluble in water and aqueous buffers, with limited solubility in organic solvents like DMSO.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized

Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C

Reconstituted

Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C

Avoid

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light

Solvent

Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended

Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.

Legal Status

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

Not approved by the FDA as a medicinal product. Not scheduled by the DEA.

🇦🇺AU

Not listed in the TGA scheduling. Not approved for therapeutic use.

🇬🇧UK

Not approved by the MHRA as a medicinal product. Legal status as a research chemical is unclear.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

Community Insights

Community Insights

Publications per Year

49 total
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Pricing

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Mechanism

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Mechanism

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Legal Disclaimer

This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer