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MOTS-c

Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c

Anti-Aging & LongevityPhase II
From$1.80/mgCompare prices
MW
2174.6g/mol
Formula
C101H152N28O22S2

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by a short open reading frame within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA, classified as a signaling molecule involved in metabolic regulation. Researchers primarily study MOTS-c for its potential role in enhancing insulin sensitivity and regulating metabolic homeostasis. Key findings from recent studies indicate that MOTS-c can alleviate insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in models of obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus, while also exhibiting anti-tumor effects in ovarian cancer by modulating cellular processes. Current research continues to explore the diverse functions of MOTS-c, particularly its involvement in mitochondrial-nuclear communication and its implications for various metabolic and pathological conditions.

Chemical Profile

Chemical Profile

Chemical structure
Chemical Structure
FormulaC101H152N28O22S2
Molecular Weight2174.6 g/mol
CAS Number1627580-64-6
PubChem CID146675088

Half-Life

INIntranasal

Not applicable

POOral

Poor bioavailability

Pharmacokinetic data are limited, with ongoing research to determine specific half-life values.

Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus in response to metabolic stress, where it regulates nuclear gene expression through the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. It interacts with antioxidant response elements (ARE) and stress-responsive transcription factors like NFE2L2/NRF2, promoting the transcription of genes involved in antioxidant defense. Additionally, MOTS-c modulates the ubiquitination and degradation of LARS1 via competition with the deubiquitinase USP7, impacting cellular processes such as insulin sensitivity and cancer progression, although the complete mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.

Research

73 Research Publications

1,958

Total Citations

11

Human/RCT

3.2

Avg. Influence

2024

Latest

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#01

The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c Translocates to the Nucleus to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression in Response to Metabolic Stress.

Kim Kyung Hwa, et al. · Cell metabolism · 2018

In VitroInfluence18.0
262
Researchers observed that MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus to regulate gene expression in response to metabolic stress via an AMPK-dependent mechanism.

Key findings

  1. 01MOTS-c, a peptide from the mitochondrial genome, can enter the nucleus and influence gene expression.
  2. 02This regulation occurs in response to metabolic stress, particularly during glucose restriction.
  3. 03MOTS-c interacts with specific transcription factors that help manage the cell's antioxidant response.
15 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)3 weeks30 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)not specified
PubMed
#02

MOTS-c: A novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism.

ReviewInfluence8.0
165
The study demonstrated that MOTS-c enhances glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, indicating its role in regulating obesity and diabetes.
15 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)3 weeks30 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)not specified
PubMed
#03

MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis.

AnimalInfluence16.0
147
The study demonstrated that MOTS-c enhances physical performance and regulates muscle metabolism in mice across different ages, indicating its role in promoting healthy aging.
20 Gynot specified(mouse)not specified15 mg/kgdaily injection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kgintraperitoneal(mouse)not specified
PubMed
#04

The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c: a player in exceptional longevity?

ReviewInfluence2.0
96
The study suggested that the m.1382A>C polymorphism in the MOTS-c encoding mtDNA may contribute to the exceptional longevity observed in the Northeast Asian population.
20 Gynot specified(mouse)not specified15 mg/kgdaily injection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kgintraperitoneal(mouse)not specified
PubMed
#05

Mitochondria related peptide MOTS-c suppresses ovariectomy-induced bone loss via AMPK activation.

AnimalInfluence3.0
80
Researchers observed that MOTS-c administration mitigates ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis through AMPK activation.
20 Gynot specified(mouse)not specified15 mg/kgdaily injection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kgintraperitoneal(mouse)not specified
PubMed
#06

MOTS-c peptide regulates adipose homeostasis to prevent ovariectomy-induced metabolic dysfunction.

AnimalInfluence4.0
72
Researchers observed that MOTS-c prevents ovariectomy-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice by activating AMPK and enhancing brown fat activation, indicating its potential role in postmenopausal metabolic dysfunction.
15 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)3 weeks30 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)not specified
PubMed
#07

MOTS-c peptide increases survival and decreases bacterial load in mice infected with MRSA.

AnimalInfluence2.0
63
Researchers observed that MOTS-c significantly increased survival and decreased bacterial load in MRSA-infected mice while modulating inflammatory cytokine levels.
15 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)3 weeks30 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)not specified
PubMed
#08

MOTS-c inhibits Osteolysis in the Mouse Calvaria by affecting osteocyte-osteoclast crosstalk and inhibiting inflammation.

AnimalInfluence2.0
60
Researchers observed that MOTS-c inhibits osteolysis in a mouse model by regulating osteocyte-osteoclast crosstalk and suppressing inflammation via the AMPK-PGC-1α-ROS axis.
20 Gynot specified(mouse)not specified15 mg/kgdaily injection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kgintraperitoneal(mouse)not specified
PubMed
#09

The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c relieves hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Yin Yadong, et al. · Pharmacological research · 2022

AnimalInfluence1.0
58
Researchers observed that MOTS-c significantly alleviated hyperglycemia and improved insulin sensitivity in a mouse model of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Key findings

  1. 01MOTS-c significantly reduced high blood sugar levels and improved insulin sensitivity in mice with GDM.
  2. 02The peptide also enhanced glucose tolerance and reduced adverse reproductive outcomes, such as lower birth weights and offspring mortality.
  3. 03MOTS-c was shown to protect pancreatic cells from damage caused by a diabetes-inducing treatment.
15 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)3 weeks30 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)not specified
PubMed
#10

Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c: effects and mechanisms related to stress, metabolism and aging.

ReviewInfluence3.0
54
Researchers observed that MOTS-c regulates stress adaptation and metabolic processes, influencing aging-related pathologies through mitochondrial-nuclear communication.
15 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)3 weeks30 mg/kgintraperitoneal(rat)not specified
PubMed
Safety

Safety & Handling

Research Gaps

No randomized controlled human trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MOTS-c in human populations, particularly in the context of conditions like gestational diabetes and cancer. Additionally, the long-term effects of MOTS-c treatment on metabolic health and tumor progression remain unclear, as well as the detailed mechanisms by which MOTS-c regulates nuclear gene expression and interacts with various signaling pathways in different tissues.

Solubility

MOTS-c is soluble in water and aqueous buffers, with limited solubility in organic solvents like DMSO.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized

Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C

Reconstituted

Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C

Avoid

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light

Solvent

Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended

Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.

Legal Status

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

Not approved by the FDA as a medicinal product. Not scheduled by the DEA.

🇦🇺AU

Not listed in the TGA scheduling. Not approved for therapeutic use.

🇬🇧UK

Not approved by the MHRA as a medicinal product. Legal status as a research chemical is unclear.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

Community Insights

Community Insights

Publications per Year

48 total
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Pricing

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Mechanism

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Mechanism

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Legal Disclaimer

This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer