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MOTS-c

Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c

Anti-Aging & LongevityPhase II
From$1.38/mgCompare prices
MW
2174.6g/mol
Formula
C101H152N28O22S2

MOTS-c, or mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c, is a 16-amino-acid peptide derived from mitochondrial DNA, classified as a mitochondrial-derived peptide. Researchers primarily study MOTS-c for its role in regulating metabolic homeostasis and its potential implications in conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Key findings indicate that MOTS-c enhances insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and activates cellular pathways that promote metabolic balance, while also demonstrating anti-tumor effects in ovarian cancer models. Current research is focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying MOTS-c's actions and exploring its therapeutic potential across various diseases, although effective clinical applications remain to be developed.

Chemical Profile

Chemical Profile

Chemical structure
Chemical Structure
FormulaC101H152N28O22S2
Molecular Weight2174.6 g/mol
CAS Number1627580-64-6
PubChem CID146675088

Half-Life

INIntranasal

Not applicable

POOral

Poor bioavailability

Pharmacokinetic data are limited, with ongoing research to determine specific half-life values.

Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

MOTS-c, a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA, translocates to the nucleus in response to metabolic stress, where it regulates nuclear gene expression via the AMPK signaling pathway. It enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle by inhibiting the folate cycle and promoting the expression of genes involved in antioxidant responses through interaction with transcription factors like NRF2. Additionally, MOTS-c has been shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell proliferation by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of LARS1, although the complete mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated.

Research

94 Research Publications

3,152

Total Citations

15

Human/RCT

4.6

Avg. Influence

2024

Latest

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#01

The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance.

Lee Changhan, et al. · Cell metabolism · 2015

AnimalInfluence66.0
654
The study demonstrated that MOTS-c regulates insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis in mice, preventing age-dependent and high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity.

Key findings

  1. 01MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide that influences metabolic health by targeting skeletal muscle.
  2. 02MOTS-c treatment in mice reduced insulin resistance associated with aging and high-fat diets.
  3. 03The study suggests that mitochondria may actively contribute to metabolic regulation through peptides encoded in their DNA.
15 mg/kginjection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kginjection(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
#02

The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c Translocates to the Nucleus to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression in Response to Metabolic Stress.

Kim Kyung Hwa, et al. · Cell metabolism · 2018

In VitroInfluence19.0
277
The study demonstrated that MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus and regulates nuclear gene expression in response to metabolic stress, highlighting its role in mitonuclear communication.

Key findings

  1. 01MOTS-c, a peptide from the mitochondrial genome, can enter the nucleus and influence gene expression.
  2. 02This regulation occurs in response to metabolic stress, particularly during glucose restriction.
  3. 03MOTS-c interacts with specific transcription factors that help manage the cell's antioxidant response.
15 mg/kginjection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kginjection(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
#03

MOTS-c: A novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism.

ReviewInfluence8.0
167
Researchers observed that MOTS-c regulates muscle and fat metabolism, enhancing glucose metabolism and suggesting a novel mitochondrial signaling mechanism.
15 mg/kginjection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kginjection(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
#04

MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis.

AnimalInfluence16.0
147
The study demonstrated that MOTS-c enhances physical performance and regulates muscle metabolism in mice across different ages, indicating its role in promoting healthy aging.
20 Gynot specified(mouse)not specified15 mg/kgdaily injection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kgintraperitoneal(mouse)not specified
PubMed
#05

Mitochondrial-derived peptides in energy metabolism.

ReviewInfluence5.0
120
Researchers observed that mitochondrial-derived peptides, including MOTS-c, are sensitive to metabolic changes and may enhance insulin sensitivity and protect against age-associated metabolic disorders.
15 mg/kgdaily injection(rat)3 weeks
PubMed
#06

The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c: a player in exceptional longevity?

ReviewInfluence2.0
96
The study suggested that the m.1382A>C polymorphism in the MOTS-c encoding mtDNA may contribute to the exceptional longevity observed in the Northeast Asian population.
20 Gynot specified(mouse)not specified15 mg/kgdaily injection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kgintraperitoneal(mouse)not specified
PubMed
#07

Mitochondria-derived peptides in aging and healthspan.

ReviewInfluence8.0
83
Researchers observed that mitochondria-derived peptides, including MOTS-c, play significant roles in aging and healthspan, potentially influencing age-related diseases.
PubMed
#08

Mitochondria related peptide MOTS-c suppresses ovariectomy-induced bone loss via AMPK activation.

AnimalInfluence3.0
80
Researchers observed that MOTS-c administration mitigates ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis through AMPK activation.
20 Gynot specified(mouse)not specified15 mg/kgdaily injection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kgintraperitoneal(mouse)not specified
PubMed
#09

MOTS-c peptide regulates adipose homeostasis to prevent ovariectomy-induced metabolic dysfunction.

AnimalInfluence4.0
75
Researchers observed that MOTS-c prevents ovariectomy-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice by activating brown fat and improving energy metabolism through the AMPK pathway.
15 mg/kginjection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kginjection(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
#10

MOTS-c peptide increases survival and decreases bacterial load in mice infected with MRSA.

AnimalInfluence2.0
69
The study demonstrated that MOTS-c improves survival and decreases bacterial load in MRSA-infected mice by modulating inflammatory responses and enhancing macrophage bactericidal capacity.
15 mg/kginjection(rat)3 weeks10 mg/kginjection(mouse)not mentioned
PubMed
Safety

Safety & Handling

Research Gaps

No randomized controlled human trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MOTS-c in treating conditions such as gestational diabetes or ovarian cancer in humans. Additionally, the long-term effects of MOTS-c treatment on metabolic health and cancer progression remain unclear, as well as the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying its interactions with nuclear gene expression and its role in tumorigenesis.

Solubility

MOTS-c is soluble in water and aqueous buffers, with limited solubility in organic solvents like DMSO.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized

Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C

Reconstituted

Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C

Avoid

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light

Solvent

Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended

Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.

Legal Status

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

Not approved by the FDA as a medicinal product. Not scheduled by the DEA.

🇦🇺AU

Not listed in the TGA scheduling. Not approved for therapeutic use.

🇬🇧UK

Not approved by the MHRA as a medicinal product. Legal status as a research chemical is unclear.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

Community Insights

Community Insights

Publications per Year

49 total
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Pricing

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Mechanism

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Mechanism

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Legal Disclaimer

This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer