Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide · NAD · NMN precursor
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a crucial coenzyme found in all living cells, playing a vital role in redox reactions and cellular metabolism. Researchers primarily study NAD+ for its involvement in energy production, cellular signaling, and its regulatory functions in various biological processes. Key findings indicate that NAD+ levels are tightly linked to immune responses, with studies suggesting that its depletion can drive inflammatory cell death through mechanisms involving the NLRC5 protein and the formation of PANoptosomes. Additionally, preclinical evidence indicates that NAD+ biosynthesis is critical for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and regulating glucose metabolism, highlighting its importance in metabolic health. Current research continues to explore the multifaceted roles of NAD+ in health and disease, aiming to uncover potential therapeutic targets for various conditions.
| Formula | C21H27N7O14P2 |
| Molecular Weight | 663.4 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 53-84-9 |
| PubChem CID | 5892 |
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1234613 |
Poor bioavailability
NAD+ is rapidly metabolized, and its bioavailability is limited when administered orally.
NAD+ functions as a crucial cofactor for sirtuins, such as SIRT2 and SIRT5, which are NAD+-dependent deacetylases that regulate protein acetylation and succinylation, influencing processes like inflammation and metabolism. It also modulates the TLR signaling pathway and interacts with the NLR family, particularly NLRC5, to drive PANoptosis in response to specific ligands, suggesting a role in innate immune responses. The precise mechanisms by which NAD+ influences these pathways and biological processes remain to be fully elucidated.
6,404
Total Citations
13
Human/RCT
9.0
Avg. Influence
2024
Latest
Researchers observed that Sirt5 functions as a NAD+-dependent protein lysine desuccinylase and demalonylase, indicating its role in reversing specific posttranslational modifications in vivo.
Verdin Eric · Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2015
Researchers reviewed the role of a molecule called NAD(+) in aging and brain health. They found that levels of NAD(+) change as we age, and boosting its production might help improve health and longevity. The study suggests that taking NAD(+) precursors could be a promising approach for addressing age-related disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases.
Key findings
Rajman Luis, et al. · Cell metabolism · 2018
Researchers reviewed the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in cellular processes, highlighting its importance not just in energy production but also as a signaling molecule. They found that boosting NAD levels could have therapeutic potential, suggesting a promising area for future health research.
Key findings
Katsyuba Elena, et al. · Nature metabolism · 2020
Researchers reviewed the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a crucial molecule in our cells that helps convert food into energy. They observed that NAD levels decline with age and are linked to various health conditions. This study highlights the importance of understanding NAD for potential future health strategies.
Key findings
The study demonstrated that SIRT2-mediated deacetylation of NLRP3 can prevent and potentially reverse aging-associated chronic inflammation and insulin resistance.
Researchers observed that NAD+ repletion restores mitophagy and extends lifespan in models of Werner syndrome, counteracting metabolic dysfunction and accelerated aging.
Zapata-Pérez Rubén, et al. · EMBO molecular medicine · 2021
Researchers reviewed the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in the body and its importance for various cellular processes. They observed that NAD levels decline with age and this depletion may be linked to several health issues. The study highlights the potential benefits of maintaining NAD levels for overall health.
Key findings
Researchers observed that NLRC5 acts as an innate immune sensor to drive PANoptosis in response to NAD+ depletion and specific ligands, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.
Abdellatif Mahmoud, et al. · Circulation · 2021
Researchers studied nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a crucial molecule in our cells that plays a role in energy production and metabolism. They observed its potential importance in various biological processes and its implications for health and aging. This research highlights the significance of NAD in maintaining cellular function.
Key findings
Researchers observed that ternary complexes of sirtuins with NAD+ and acetylated peptides provide insights into the mechanism of NAD+ cleavage, crucial for understanding sirtuin function.
No randomized controlled human trials have been conducted to assess the efficacy of niacin in treating neurological disorders, leaving its long-term effects and safety profile in humans unclear. Additionally, the precise mechanisms by which NAD+ influences intestinal homeostasis and GLP-1 production in the context of obesity and aging remain to be fully elucidated.
Solubility
NAD+ is soluble in water but has limited solubility in organic solvents like acetonitrile and DMSO.
Lyophilized
Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C
Reconstituted
Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C
Avoid
Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light
Solvent
Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended
Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.
🇩🇪DE
Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.
🇺🇸US
NAD+ is available as a dietary supplement but is not approved by the FDA as a drug.
🇦🇺AU
Data limited
🇬🇧UK
Data limited
Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.
Publications per Year
48 total| Vendor | Amount | Price | Price/mg | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
BESTProto PeptideUS | 500mg | $30.00 | $0.06/mg | |
crownwellresearch.comUS | 500mg | $43.00 | $0.09/mg | |
Ruo BioUS | 500mg | $46.00 | $0.09/mg | |
FitSKNS PeptidesUS | 500mg | $50.00 | $0.10/mg | |
Amino AmigosUS | 500mg | $50.00 | $0.10/mg |
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This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer