Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide · NAD · NMN precursor
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a crucial coenzyme found in all living cells, playing a vital role in redox reactions and cellular metabolism. Researchers primarily study NAD+ for its involvement in energy production, cellular signaling, and its implications in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory conditions. Key findings indicate that NAD+ levels can influence immune responses and cell death mechanisms, with studies suggesting its depletion may drive inflammatory processes and contribute to conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, preclinical evidence indicates that alterations in NAD+ metabolism are linked to aging and chronic inflammation, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Current research continues to explore the multifaceted roles of NAD+ in health and disease, aiming to uncover novel interventions that could modulate its levels for therapeutic benefit.
| Formula | C21H27N7O14P2 |
| Molecular Weight | 663.4 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 53-84-9 |
| PubChem CID | 5892 |
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1234613 |
Poor bioavailability
NAD+ is rapidly metabolized, and its bioavailability is limited when administered orally.
NAD+ functions as a crucial cofactor for sirtuins, such as SIRT2 and SIRT5, which are NAD+-dependent deacetylases that regulate protein acetylation and succinylation, impacting processes like inflammation and metabolism. In the context of immune responses, NAD+ levels influence NLRC5 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, driving PANoptosis and inflammation. While the precise mechanisms linking NAD+ metabolism to these pathways remain to be fully elucidated, its role in modulating cellular responses to stress and inflammation is evident.
6,268
Total Citations
13
Human/RCT
9.5
Avg. Influence
2024
Latest
Researchers observed that Sirt5 functions as a NAD+-dependent protein lysine demalonylase and desuccinylase, regulating succinylation levels in mouse proteins.
Verdin Eric · Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2015
Researchers reviewed the role of a molecule called NAD(+) in aging and brain health. They found that levels of NAD(+) change as we age, and boosting its production might help improve health and longevity. The study suggests that taking NAD(+) precursors could be a promising approach for addressing age-related disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases.
Key findings
Rajman Luis, et al. · Cell metabolism · 2018
Researchers reviewed the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in cellular processes, highlighting its importance not just in energy production but also as a signaling molecule. They found that boosting NAD levels could have therapeutic potential, suggesting a promising area for future health research.
Key findings
Katsyuba Elena, et al. · Nature metabolism · 2020
Researchers reviewed the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a crucial molecule in our cells that helps convert food into energy. They observed that NAD levels decline with age and are linked to various health conditions. This study highlights the importance of understanding NAD for potential future health strategies.
Key findings
The study demonstrated that SIRT2 deacetylation of NLRP3 can reverse aging-associated chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in macrophages and aging mouse models.
The study demonstrated that NAD+ augmentation restores mitophagy and limits accelerated aging phenotypes in Werner syndrome models, improving mitochondrial function and extending lifespan.
Zapata-Pérez Rubén, et al. · EMBO molecular medicine · 2021
Researchers reviewed the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in the body and its importance for various cellular processes. They observed that NAD levels decline with age and this depletion may be linked to several health issues. The study highlights the potential benefits of maintaining NAD levels for overall health.
Key findings
Researchers observed that NLRC5 acts as an innate immune sensor driving PANoptosis and inflammation in response to NAD+ depletion and specific ligands in mouse models.
Abdellatif Mahmoud, et al. · Circulation · 2021
Researchers studied nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a crucial molecule in our cells that plays a role in energy production and metabolism. They observed its potential importance in various biological processes and its implications for health and aging. This research highlights the significance of NAD in maintaining cellular function.
Key findings
The study demonstrated that ternary complexes of sirtuins with NAD+ and acetylated peptides reveal a novel mechanism for nicotinamide cleavage during deacetylation.
No randomized controlled human trials have been conducted to assess the efficacy of niacin in treating neurological disorders, leaving its long-term effects and safety profile in humans unclear. Additionally, the precise mechanisms by which NAD+ metabolism influences neuroinflammation and its potential therapeutic implications in Alzheimer's disease remain poorly understood.
Solubility
NAD+ is soluble in water but has limited solubility in organic solvents like acetonitrile and DMSO.
Lyophilized
Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C
Reconstituted
Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C
Avoid
Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light
Solvent
Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended
Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.
🇩🇪DE
Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.
🇺🇸US
NAD+ is available as a dietary supplement but is not approved by the FDA as a drug.
🇦🇺AU
Data limited
🇬🇧UK
Data limited
Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.
Publications per Year
48 total| Vendor | Amount | Price | Price/mg | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
BESTPeptiraUS | 1000mg | $59.00 | $0.06/mg | |
Proto PeptideUS | 500mg | $36.00 | $0.07/mg | |
PeptiLab USAUS | 500mg | $41.99 | $0.08/mg | |
crownwellresearch.comUS | 500mg | $45.00 | $0.09/mg | |
MoglabsUS | 500mg | $52.00 | $0.10/mg |
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This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer