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NAD+

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide · NAD · NMN precursor

Anti-Aging & LongevityPhase III
From$0.06/mgCompare prices
MW
663.4g/mol
Formula
C21H27N7O14P2

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a crucial coenzyme found in all living cells, playing a vital role in redox reactions and cellular metabolism. Researchers primarily study NAD+ for its involvement in energy production, cellular signaling, and its implications in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory conditions. Key findings indicate that NAD+ levels can influence immune responses and cell death mechanisms, with studies suggesting its depletion may drive inflammatory processes and contribute to conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, preclinical evidence indicates that alterations in NAD+ metabolism are linked to aging and chronic inflammation, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Current research continues to explore the multifaceted roles of NAD+ in health and disease, aiming to uncover novel interventions that could modulate its levels for therapeutic benefit.

Chemical Profile

Chemical Profile

Chemical structure
Chemical Structure
FormulaC21H27N7O14P2
Molecular Weight663.4 g/mol
CAS Number53-84-9
PubChem CID5892
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL1234613

Half-Life

POOral

Poor bioavailability

NAD+ is rapidly metabolized, and its bioavailability is limited when administered orally.

Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

NAD+ functions as a crucial cofactor for sirtuins, such as SIRT2 and SIRT5, which are NAD+-dependent deacetylases that regulate protein acetylation and succinylation, impacting processes like inflammation and metabolism. In the context of immune responses, NAD+ levels influence NLRC5 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, driving PANoptosis and inflammation. While the precise mechanisms linking NAD+ metabolism to these pathways remain to be fully elucidated, its role in modulating cellular responses to stress and inflammation is evident.

Research

77 Research Publications

6,268

Total Citations

13

Human/RCT

9.5

Avg. Influence

2024

Latest

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#01

Sirt5 is a NAD-dependent protein lysine demalonylase and desuccinylase.

AnimalInfluence87.0
1338
Researchers observed that Sirt5 functions as a NAD+-dependent protein lysine demalonylase and desuccinylase, regulating succinylation levels in mouse proteins.
PubMed
#02

NAD⁺ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration.

Verdin Eric · Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2015

ReviewInfluence58.0
1130
Researchers reviewed the role of a molecule called NAD(+) in aging and brain health. They found that levels of NAD(+) change as we age, and boosting its production might help improve health and longevity. The study suggests that taking NAD(+) precursors could be a promising approach for addressing age-related disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers observed that NAD(+) levels decline with age.
  2. 02The study found that modifying NAD(+) production could extend health span and life span.
  3. 03Researchers highlighted the potential of NAD(+) precursors as a new therapeutic opportunity for aging-related conditions.
PubMed
#03

Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence.

Rajman Luis, et al. · Cell metabolism · 2018

ReviewInfluence22.0
735
Researchers reviewed the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in cellular processes, highlighting its importance not just in energy production but also as a signaling molecule. They found that boosting NAD levels could have therapeutic potential, suggesting a promising area for future health research.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers observed that NAD plays a crucial role in redox reactions within cells.
  2. 02The study highlighted NAD's emerging function as a signaling molecule, influencing various biological processes.
  3. 03Researchers found that increasing NAD levels may offer therapeutic benefits, warranting further investigation.
PubMed
#04

NAD

Katsyuba Elena, et al. · Nature metabolism · 2020

ReviewInfluence24.0
478
Researchers reviewed the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a crucial molecule in our cells that helps convert food into energy. They observed that NAD levels decline with age and are linked to various health conditions. This study highlights the importance of understanding NAD for potential future health strategies.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers observed that NAD is essential for energy production in cells.
  2. 02The study found that NAD levels decrease as we age.
  3. 03Researchers noted a connection between NAD levels and several health conditions.
PubMed
#05

An Acetylation Switch of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Regulates Aging-Associated Chronic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance.

AnimalInfluence16.0
359
The study demonstrated that SIRT2 deacetylation of NLRP3 can reverse aging-associated chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in macrophages and aging mouse models.
PubMed
#06

NAD+ augmentation restores mitophagy and limits accelerated aging in Werner syndrome.

AnimalInfluence11.0
248
The study demonstrated that NAD+ augmentation restores mitophagy and limits accelerated aging phenotypes in Werner syndrome models, improving mitochondrial function and extending lifespan.
PubMed
#07

NAD

Zapata-Pérez Rubén, et al. · EMBO molecular medicine · 2021

ReviewInfluence6.0
192
Researchers reviewed the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in the body and its importance for various cellular processes. They observed that NAD levels decline with age and this depletion may be linked to several health issues. The study highlights the potential benefits of maintaining NAD levels for overall health.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers observed that NAD is crucial for energy production and cellular repair.
  2. 02The review found that NAD levels decrease as people age.
  3. 03Researchers noted a connection between low NAD levels and various age-related health problems.
PubMed
#08

NLRC5 senses NAD+ depletion, forming a PANoptosome and driving PANoptosis and inflammation.

Animal
161
Researchers observed that NLRC5 acts as an innate immune sensor driving PANoptosis and inflammation in response to NAD+ depletion and specific ligands in mouse models.
PubMed
#09

NAD

Abdellatif Mahmoud, et al. · Circulation · 2021

In VitroInfluence8.0
156
Researchers studied nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a crucial molecule in our cells that plays a role in energy production and metabolism. They observed its potential importance in various biological processes and its implications for health and aging. This research highlights the significance of NAD in maintaining cellular function.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers observed that NAD is essential for energy production in cells.
  2. 02The study highlighted the role of NAD in various biological processes.
  3. 03Findings suggest that NAD may have implications for health and aging.
PubMed
#10

Insights into the sirtuin mechanism from ternary complexes containing NAD+ and acetylated peptide.

In VitroInfluence6.0
136
The study demonstrated that ternary complexes of sirtuins with NAD+ and acetylated peptides reveal a novel mechanism for nicotinamide cleavage during deacetylation.
PubMed
Safety

Safety & Handling

Research Gaps

No randomized controlled human trials have been conducted to assess the efficacy of niacin in treating neurological disorders, leaving its long-term effects and safety profile in humans unclear. Additionally, the precise mechanisms by which NAD+ metabolism influences neuroinflammation and its potential therapeutic implications in Alzheimer's disease remain poorly understood.

Solubility

NAD+ is soluble in water but has limited solubility in organic solvents like acetonitrile and DMSO.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized

Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C

Reconstituted

Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C

Avoid

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light

Solvent

Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended

Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.

Legal Status

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

NAD+ is available as a dietary supplement but is not approved by the FDA as a drug.

🇦🇺AU

Data limited

🇬🇧UK

Data limited

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

Community Insights

Community Insights

Publications per Year

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Pricing

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Top 5 of 87 offers from 58 vendors. Prices updated daily.

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Legal Disclaimer

This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer