Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide · NAD · NMN precursor
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a crucial coenzyme found in all living cells, playing a vital role in redox reactions and cellular metabolism. Researchers primarily study NAD+ for its involvement in energy production, aging, and various neurological disorders. Key findings suggest that NAD+ metabolism is altered in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, where decreased levels of its precursor, nicotinamide, correlate with neuroinflammation and amyloid-beta accumulation. Additionally, studies indicate that NAD+-dependent enzymes, such as sirtuins, are implicated in regulating inflammation and cellular stress responses. Current research continues to explore the therapeutic potential of NAD+ modulation in neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders.
| Formula | C21H27N7O14P2 |
| Molecular Weight | 663.4 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 53-84-9 |
| PubChem CID | 5892 |
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1234613 |
Poor bioavailability
NAD+ is rapidly metabolized, and its bioavailability is limited when administered orally.
NAD+ serves as a crucial cofactor for sirtuins, which are NAD+-dependent deacetylases that regulate various biological processes, including inflammation and metabolism, by modulating protein acetylation states. For instance, SIRT2 deacetylates the NLRP3 inflammasome, linking NAD+ levels to the regulation of chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Additionally, NAD+ depletion activates NLRC5, an innate immune sensor, which drives PANoptosis through TLR signaling pathways, although the complete mechanism of NAD+ action in these contexts remains to be fully elucidated.
10,534
Total Citations
25
Human/RCT
6.7
Avg. Influence
2024
Latest
Researchers observed that Sirt5 functions as a protein lysine demalonylase and desuccinylase, indicating its role in reversing specific posttranslational modifications in vivo.
Verdin Eric · Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2015
Researchers reviewed the role of a molecule called NAD(+) in aging and brain health. They found that levels of NAD(+) change as we age, and boosting its production might help improve health and longevity. The study suggests that taking NAD(+) precursors could be a promising approach for addressing age-related disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases.
Key findings
Rajman Luis, et al. · Cell metabolism · 2018
Researchers reviewed the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in cellular processes, highlighting its importance not just in energy production but also as a signaling molecule. They found that boosting NAD levels could have therapeutic potential, suggesting a promising area for future health research.
Key findings
The study demonstrated that SIRT1 activation mediates the effects of calorie restriction on reducing amyloid neuropathology in Alzheimer disease models, influencing alpha-secretase activity.
The study demonstrated that reactive oxygen species derived from gp91(phox)-containing NAD(P)H oxidase play a critical role in VEGF-induced angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Katsyuba Elena, et al. · Nature metabolism · 2020
Researchers reviewed the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a crucial molecule in our cells that helps convert food into energy. They observed that NAD levels decline with age and are linked to various health conditions. This study highlights the importance of understanding NAD for potential future health strategies.
Key findings
The study demonstrated that SIRT2-mediated deacetylation of NLRP3 can reverse aging-associated chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in mouse models.
The study demonstrated that cysteine 347 is the site of ADP-ribosylation by pertussis toxin in transducin, correcting previous misconceptions about the modification site.
Researchers observed that NAD+ repletion restores mitophagy and extends lifespan in models of Werner syndrome, linking mitochondrial function to accelerated aging.
Researchers observed that endogenous adrenomedullin protects against cardiovascular damage in mice by potentially inhibiting oxidative stress production during angiotensin II/salt loading.
No randomized controlled human trials have been conducted to assess the efficacy of niacin in treating neurological disorders, leaving its therapeutic potential uncertain. Additionally, the long-term effects of altered NAD+ metabolism in the context of neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease remain poorly understood, particularly regarding how these changes influence disease progression and treatment outcomes.
Solubility
NAD+ is soluble in water but has limited solubility in organic solvents like acetonitrile and DMSO.
Lyophilized
Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C
Reconstituted
Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C
Avoid
Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light
Solvent
Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended
Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.
🇩🇪DE
Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.
🇺🇸US
NAD+ is available as a dietary supplement but is not approved by the FDA as a drug.
🇦🇺AU
Data limited
🇬🇧UK
Data limited
Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.
Publications per Year
49 total| Vendor | Amount | Price | Price/mg | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
BESTProto PeptideUS | 500mg | $25.00 | $0.05/mg | |
Glacier AminosUS | 1500mg | $103.49 | $0.07/mg | |
Ruo BioUS | 500mg | $42.00 | $0.08/mg | |
RetaOneLabsUS | 500mg | $46.00 | $0.09/mg | |
Peptide CraftersUS | 1000mg | $85.00 | $0.09/mg |
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This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer