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NMN

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide · Beta-NMN

Anti-Aging & LongevityPhase II
From$0.20/mgCompare prices
MW
334.22g/mol
Formula
C11H15N2O8P

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a nucleotide derived from ribose and nicotinamide, serving as a crucial precursor in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an essential coenzyme in cellular metabolism. Researchers primarily study NMN for its potential role in enhancing NAD+ levels and its implications for age-related physiological decline and metabolic disorders. Key findings from recent studies indicate that long-term NMN administration in mice mitigates age-associated physiological decline and improves metabolic functions, such as insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism, in prediabetic women. Additionally, NMN supplementation has been linked to the maintenance of mitochondrial function and the protection of the blood-brain barrier during aging. Current research continues to explore NMN's therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action in various physiological and pathological contexts.

Chemical Profile

Chemical Profile

Chemical structure
Chemical Structure
FormulaC11H15N2O8P
Molecular Weight334.22 g/mol
CAS Number1094-61-7
PubChem CID14180
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL610238

Half-Life

IVIntravenous

~30 minutes

INIntranasal

Not applicable

POOral

Poor bioavailability

NMN is rapidly converted to NAD+ in tissues, impacting its pharmacokinetic profile.

Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) enhances NAD+ biosynthesis, which activates sirtuins (SIRTs) and promotes insulin signaling pathways, including the phosphorylation of AKT and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), thereby improving muscle insulin sensitivity and metabolic function. NMN also regulates mitochondrial dynamics and quality control through mitophagy, influenced by the PINK1-PRKN pathway, and mitigates age-associated physiological decline by restoring NAD+ levels and modulating the CX43-PARP1 axis in vascular aging. While the precise mechanisms of NMN's action on various signaling pathways are still being elucidated, its role in enhancing NAD+ availability is well established.

Research

102 Research Publications

4,860

Total Citations

12

Human/RCT

6.2

Avg. Influence

2023

Latest

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#01

Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a key NAD(+) intermediate, treats the pathophysiology of diet- and age-induced diabetes in mice.

AnimalInfluence73.0
1304
Researchers observed that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) ameliorates glucose intolerance and enhances insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mice by restoring NAD+ levels.
1200 mg/doral(human)7 days
PubMed
#02

Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice.

Mills Kathryn F, et al. · Cell metabolism · 2016

AnimalInfluence38.0
838
The study demonstrated that long-term administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) mitigates age-associated physiological decline in mice by enhancing NAD+ levels and improving various metabolic functions.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers observed that NMN administration improved energy metabolism in aging mice.
  2. 02The study found that NMN helped maintain muscle strength and function as the mice aged.
  3. 03Researchers noted improvements in overall physiological health markers in the NMN-treated mice compared to those that did not receive it.
1200 mg/doral(human)7 days
PubMed
#03

Impairment of an Endothelial NAD+-H2S Signaling Network Is a Reversible Cause of Vascular Aging.

AnimalInfluence11.0
466
The study demonstrated that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment improves blood flow and increases capillary density in elderly mice, mediated by SIRT1 activation.
1200 mg/doral(human)7 days
PubMed
#04

Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women.

Yoshino Mihoko, et al. · Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2021

HumanInfluence23.0
376
Researchers observed that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation increases muscle insulin sensitivity and signaling in overweight or obese prediabetic women after a 10-week randomized controlled trial.

Key findings

  1. 01Researchers observed that NMN increased muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women.
  2. 02The study suggests that NMN may play a role in improving metabolic health.
  3. 03Findings indicate potential benefits of NMN in addressing insulin resistance related to obesity and aging.
1200 mg/doral(human)7 days
PubMed
#05

The multifaceted regulation of mitophagy by endogenous metabolites.

AnimalInfluence3.0
177
The study demonstrated that mitophagy is regulated by endogenous metabolites, including NAD+, highlighting its importance in maintaining mitochondrial quality control in mammalian cells.
1200 mg/doral(human)7 days
PubMed
#06

NAD+ rescues aging-induced blood-brain barrier damage via the CX43-PARP1 axis.

AnimalInfluence3.0
105
Researchers observed that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation rescues aging-induced blood-brain barrier damage in mice by restoring NAD+ levels and regulating the CX43-PARP1 axis.
1200 mg/doral(human)7 days
PubMed
#07

NAMPT in regulated NAD biosynthesis and its pivotal role in human metabolism.

ReviewInfluence4.0
75
Researchers observed that NAMPT plays a crucial role in NAD biosynthesis and metabolism, highlighting its potential as a target for cancer therapy.
1200 mg/doral(human)7 d
PubMed
#08

Pre-emptive Short-term Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Treatment in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Nephropathy.

AnimalInfluence5.0
74
The study demonstrated that short-term NMN treatment in diabetic mice has long-lasting renal protective effects through the activation of the NAD+ salvage pathway.
PubMed
#09

Detection and pharmacological modulation of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in vitro and in vivo.

In VitroInfluence6.0
73
Researchers observed that NMN is highly enriched in mitochondria and reduces NAD and ATP depletion in cells undergoing PARP-1 hyperactivation, delaying cell death.
1200 mg/doral(human)7 d
PubMed
#10

NAD + salvage governs mitochondrial metabolism, invigorating natural killer cell antitumor immunity.

Animal
70
Researchers observed that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation improved natural killer cell function and antitumor response in mouse and human cell-derived xenografts by enhancing NAD+ salvage and mitochondrial homeostasis.
1200 mg/doral(human)7 days
PubMed
Safety

Safety & Handling

Research Gaps

No long-term human trials have been conducted to assess the sustained effects and safety of NMN supplementation beyond the 10-week duration observed in prediabetic women. Additionally, the precise molecular mechanisms by which NMN influences mitochondrial function and mitophagy regulation in human cells remain unclear and require further investigation.

Solubility

NMN is soluble in water and has limited solubility in organic solvents like DMSO.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized

Stable for 2+ years at -20°C, 12 months at 4°C

Reconstituted

Use within 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C

Avoid

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, direct light

Solvent

Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline recommended

Safety information is derived from published research and may not reflect all known risks. This is not medical advice.

Legal Status

Legal Status

🇩🇪DE

Not approved as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance. Sale as research chemical is a legal grey area.

🇺🇸US

Not approved by the FDA as a medicinal product. Not a controlled substance.

🇦🇺AU

Not listed in the TGA scheduling. Considered a supplement.

🇬🇧UK

Not approved by MHRA as a medicinal product. Considered a supplement.

Legal status information is provided for general reference only and may not reflect the most current regulatory changes. Always verify with official government sources before making any decisions.

Community Insights

Community Insights

Publications per Year

50 total
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Pricing

Price Comparison

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Mechanism

Tools

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Mechanism

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Legal Disclaimer

This page is for informational and research purposes only. All information is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Many substances listed may not be approved for human use and may be subject to drug regulation laws (e.g., AMG in Germany, FDA in the US). PepStack does not encourage the use of any substance on humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. Use of this information is entirely at your own risk. PepStack assumes no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content provided. Full disclaimer